New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Synergus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic Author Schwéger, Szabina Author Melika, George Author Tang, Chang-Ti Author Bihari, Péter Author Bozsó, Miklós Author Stone, Graham N. Author Nicholls, James A. Author Pénzes, Zsolt text Zootaxa 2015 3999 4 451 497 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.4.1 905493d1-340c-418b-aa4c-52605b790870 1175-5326 243681 CB6127D2-DF5B-4F86-A3D9-6A2F9DBD021C Synergus xialongmeni Melika, Ács & Bechtold, 2004 Figs 134–144 Currently known only from China (Beijing Province, Mentougou District, 150 km NW of Beijing), reared from unknown cynipid acorn, leaf and bud galls ( Melika et al. 2004 ). This species, together with S. belizinellus and S. ishikarii , forms a distinct subclade and morphologically with all three species show some similarity. Diagnostic characters for all three species are given in the key and also in the Diagnosis to S. ishikarii and S. belizinellus . Based on this research we can conclude that there are currently 17 valid species of Synergus in the Eastern Palaearctic, and two species with an uncertain status ( Table 2 ). TABLE 2. Eastern Palaearctic Synergus species with distribution and host associations.

Species	Distribution Host gall	Host plant
S. abei Melika & Schwéger	Japan undescribed acorn and bud galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. belizinellus Schwéger & Melika	Russia Japan Belizinella vicina and undescribed leaf galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. castaneus Pujade-Villar, Bernardo & Viggiani	China undescribed galls	Castanea
S. changtitangi Melika & Schwéger	Taiwan undescribed stem swelling-like galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. chinensis Melika, Ács & Bechtold	China, S.Korea undescribed acorn, bud and leaf Russia galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. deqingensis Pujade-Villar,Wang & Chen	China undescribed	undescribed
S. formosanus Schwéger & Melika	Taiwan Trichagalma formosana	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S.gifuensis Ashmead	Japan Russia Andricus kashiwaphilus , A. mukaigawae	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. hakonensis Ashmead	Japan undescribed	undescribed
S. ishikarii Melika & Schwéger	Japan Ussuraspis sp., undescribed leaf galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. itoensis Abe, Ide & Wachi	Japan gallinducer in acorns	Quercus (subgen. Cyclobalanopsis )
S. iwatensis Shinji	status uncertain, nomen nudum
S. japonicus Walker	Japan China Andricus kashiwaphilus , A. Russia mukaigawae	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. jezoensis Uchida & Sakagami	Japan China undescribed	undescribed
S. kawakamii Tang & Melika	Taiwan undescribed detachable stem galls	Castanopsis
S. khazani Melika & Schwéger	Russia Japan Andricus kashiwaphilus , A. mukaigawae ; undescribed acorn and bud galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. mizunarae Shinji	status uncertain, nomen nudum
S. symbioticus Schwéger & Melika	Russia Japan Andricus hakonensis , A. kashiwaphilus	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )
S. xialongmeni Melika, Ács & Bechtold	China undescribed acorn, leaf and bud galls	Quercus (subgen. Quercus )

Total: 17 valid species and 2 with uncertain status