The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species Author Hassan, Muhammad Asghar 0000-0003-2590-5781 kakojan112@gmail.com Author Liu, Xingyue text Zootaxa 2022 2022-09-01 5180 1 1 83 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 journal article 135488 10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 53256720-2b2c-4dc2-9876-0a3b163e869d 1175-5326 7040828 B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7 Chrysopa dubitans McLachlan, 1887 ( Figs 27–29 , 56 ) Chrysopa dubitans McLachlan, 1887: 448 . Type locality: China ( Qinghai ). Cintameva venulosa Navás, 1914: 214 . Type locality: Azerbaijan . Diagnosis and notes Chrysopa dubitans is similar to C. formosa by the similar dark marking on frons and vertex, but it can be distinguished by pale green subcostal veinlets in forewing and the male sternum 9 (S9) with two pairs of large gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins, consisting of small and large teeth ( Tjeder 1936 : plate XIV A–L). Redescription Measurements ( ♂ n=7, ♀ n=5). Forewing: length ♂ 10.7–13.0 mm, ♀ 12.0– 14.5 mm , width ♂ 4.0– 5.1 mm , ♀ 4.6–5.7 mm ; hindwing: length ♂ 10.0– 12.5 mm , ♀ 11.0–13.0 mm, width ♂ 3.4–4.2 mm , ♀ 4.0– 4.9 mm ; body length: ♂ 7.2–8.6 mm , ♀ 7.5–8.5 mm . Head ( Figs 28A–B, D ). Vertex moderately raised, with two dark spots at proximal 1/2, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons yellow, with a transverse dark spot around the base of antennal toruli, and medially with a dark spot below interantennal marking. Clypeus yellow, distally with a few long yellow setae. Labrum yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Genae yellow, with a dark spot. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, yellow at proximal 1/2, terminal segment wholly brownish yellow, covered with short dark brown setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennal yellow, unmarked, covered with short pale yellow setae; scape yellow, unmarked; pedicel yellow, distally dark brown; flagellum yellow. Thorax ( Figs 28D–E ). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.47–0.68 mm , width 0.93–1.03 mm ), yellow, covered with short dark brown setae, laterally with mixed short black and yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum yellow, sparsely covered with short pale yellow setae. Legs ( Fig. 28E ). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, less than 1/3 of the length of claws hook, quadrate at base ( Fig. 28C ). Wings ( Figs 27A–B ). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4–13). Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma; basal subcostal crossvein (bsx) dark brown. Longitudinal veins pale green except subcostal veinlets narrowly dark brown at extreme base, distal branches of anal veins dark brown (pale green in some specimens), crossveins of intramedian and intracubital cells dark brown (pale in some specimens). Pterostigma pale brown. 11–14 radial cells (r cell); radial crossveins proximally dark brown. Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1 ) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; four to five inner gradates (ig) and seven to eight outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im1) ovate. Second (m2) and third (m3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu2); first (icu1), second (icu2) and third (icu3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow, proximal 1/2 of subcostal veinlets 1–11 dark brown. Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale brown. 10–13 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; five inner gradates and six to seven outer gradates. FIGURE 27. Chrysopa dubitans McLachlan. A. Male habitus; B. Female habitus. Scale bar: 5.0 mm. FIGURE 28. Chrysopa dubitans McLachlan. Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Hind pretarsal claws; D. Dorsal habitus; E. Lateral habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–B); 5.0 mm (D–E). Abdomen ( Figs 28D–E ). Tergum pale green, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae, except S5–7 with dark brown setae. Male genitalia ( Figs 29A–F ). Tergum 8 (T8) quadrated in lateral view. T9+ectoproct rounded in lateral view, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 32–35 trichobothria. S8 subtrapezoidal in lateral view; S9 triangular, slightly longer than T9+ectoproct in lateral view; a pair of large gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins of S9, consisting of small and large teeth. Gonarcus (gon) broad, arcuated with lateral shorthorn. Entoprocessus (ent) small, with lateral dorsal shorthorns. Arcessus (arc) absent. Pseudopenis arcuated, pointed distally. Gonosetae (gst) in lateral pockets below gonarcus in lateral view. Tignum absent. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia ( Figs 29G–K ). Tergum 8 (T8) subquadrate in lateral view. T9+ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 35–37 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) broad, rounded, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, membrane above lobes with crescent-shaped. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, double-coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).