Taxonomy notes on twenty-eight spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Asia Author Lin, Yejie Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Author Zhao, Huifeng Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China Author Koh, Joseph K H National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 259569, Singapore Corresponding author, E-mail: lisq @ ioz. ac. cn Author Li, Shuqiang Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China text Zoological Systematics 2022 47 3 198 270 http://zoobank.org/6ded5057-996e-4dd5-bde3-a8c366e59bb9 journal article 10.11865/zs.2022303 2095-6827 7175859 6DED5057-996E-4DD5-BDE3-A8C366E59BB9 Singaporemma shenzhen Lin & Li , sp. nov. ( Figs 48–51 ) Diagnosis. The males of this new species can be distinguished from all other Singaporemma species by the embolus spiraling at 720°. Females of this new species differ from S. takensis Yan & Lin, 2018 , S. singulare Shear, 1978 and S. lenachanae Lin & Li, 2017 by the presence of a central process ( vs. absent); from S. bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010 and S. wulongensi s Lin & Li, 2014 by having a nearly oval-shaped inner vulval plate ( vs. “Ω”-shaped). Description. Male ( holotype , Figs 50A, C, E , 51A ). Total length 1.10; carapace 0.51 long, 0.48 wide, 0.45 high; abdomen 0.64 long, 0.62 wide, 0.44 high. Carapace: dark red, carapace finely reticulated; six eyes, white with black ocular base, ALE>PLE>PME, ALE and PLE adjacent, anterior eye row slightly recurved; cephalic part raised, top flat; clypeus high, sloping forward, with sparse setae, marginally rectangular; chelicerae lacking horns or processes, cheliceral lamina well developed; endites basally wide, distally narrow, labium triangular, distally blunt; sternum finely reticulated, scutellate, marginally rugose, posterior corner truncated. Leg cuticle striated; yellowish brown. Leg measurements: I 1.20 (0.37, 0.40, Figure 42. Milema lorkor Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , holotype male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Embolus, apical view; C. Palp, prolateral view; D. Palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Ca—cymbial apophysis; E—embolus. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm. Figure 43. Milema lorkor Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , paratype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Endogyne, lateral view. Abbreviations: S—spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C = 0.05 mm. Figure 44. Milema nuichua Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , holotype male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Embolus, apical view; C. Palp, prolateral view; D. Palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Ca—cymbial apophysis; E—embolus. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm. Figure 45. Milema nuichua Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , paratype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Endogyne, lateral view. Abbreviations: S—spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B =0.2 mm; C = 0.05 mm. Figure 46. Milema sai Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , holotype male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Embolus, apical view; C. Palp, prolateral view; D. Palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Ca—cymbial apophysis; E—embolus. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B =0.05 mm; C–D =0.1 mm. Figure 47. Milema sai Zhao & Li , sp. nov. , paratype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Endogyne, lateral view. Abbreviations: S—spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C =0.05 mm. Figure 48. Singaporemma shenzhen Lin & Li , sp. nov. , holotype male, left palp. A. Retrolateral view; B. Prolateral view. Abbreviations: Cy—cymbium; E—embolus; Et—embolic tip; Pb—bulb; Ti—tibia. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. 0.21, 0.22), II 1.16 (0.40, 0.37, 0.19, 0.20), III 1.04 (0.33, 0.30, 0.21, 0.20), IV 1.38 (0.43, 0.44, 0.26, 0.25). Abdomen: dark red, dorsal scutum oval, finely reticulated, posteriorly truncated; ventral scutum reticulated; lateral scutum I long, extending beyond posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scutum absent; postgential scutum slightly procurved, mesially narrow, laterally wide; preanal scutum approximately oblong. Figure 49. Singaporemma shenzhen Lin & Li , sp. nov. , paratype female. A. Genital area, ventral view; B. Cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV—anterior ventrolateral plate; CP—central process; EPi—epigynal pit; IVP—inner vulval plate; LH—lateral horn; PA—preanal plate; POG—postgenital plate; S—spermatheca; VD—vulval duct; VS—vulval stem. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Figure 50. Singaporemma shenzhen Lin & Li , sp. nov. , habitus. A–B. Dorsal view; C–D. Ventral view; E–F. Lateral view. Scale bars = 0.3 mm. Palp ( Fig. 48 ). Patella short, proximally narrow, distally wide; tibia large, extremely swollen, about 3 times wider than femur; cymbium triangular in lateral view, bearing long setae; bulb almost triangular, surface smooth; embolus long, tubular, distinctly sclerotized, originating from middle position of bulb; embolic tip sharply pointed, lamellar. Female (IZCAS-Ar43317, Figs 50B, D, F , 51B ). Total length 1.52; carapace 0.60 long, 0.49 wide, 0.50 high; abdomen 0.97 long, 0.77 wide, 0.60 high. Leg measurements: I 1.19 (0.37, 0.38, 0.20, 0.24), II 1.21 (0.39, 0.39, 0.20, 0.23), III 1.14 (0.35, 0.36, 0.20, 0.23), IV 1.40 (0.41, 0.47, 0.26, 0.26). Habitus similar to that of male. Figure 51. Singaporemma shenzhen Lin & Li , sp. nov. , live specimens. A–B. Holotype male; B. Paratype female. Photos: Qianle Lu (A) and Yiduo Wang (B). Epigyne and vulva ( Fig. 49 ). Epigynal pit distinct, opening at margin of pulmonary scutum; vulval posterior margin stronglsy sclerotized; vulval stem almost triangular; vulval duct long and wide, translucent; lateral horns sclerotized, Vshaped, distally reflexed; spermatheca rugose, transparent, and membranous; inner vulval plate transversely almost oval, strongly sclerotized, narrower than central process; central process oval. Material examined. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar43316) , China : Guangdong : Shenzhen City , Longhua district , Yangtaishan Forest Park , Longxi Pavilion ( 22.6643°N , 113.9749°E ), 19 April 2021 , Q. Lu leg. Paratype . 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar43317) , 26 May 2021 , Y. Wang leg., others same as holotype . Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.