Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species Author De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. 06C42876-2925-4007-A19D-053BD0058F25 Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. luiz.moura.lfm@gmail.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-03-31 742 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 journal article 7531 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 62f9dc57-bade-4fbc-8af7-f92ff107593c 2118-9773 4655404 23424EC3-8440-4C72-AD9E-C1EC3087F7CA Tafana maracay sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 692C24F0-D9ED-4D1B-9831-129C603BB253 Figs 8C–F , 25–26 , 33D , 34 Diagnosis Males of T. maracay sp. nov. resemble those of the silhavyi group by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar, but differ from the other species by having the retrolateral tibial apophysis short, curved apically and presenting a basal projection rounded ( Figs 25C–E , 26C ). Females resemble those of T. silhavyi and T. arawak sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with a wide atrium, but differ by having the copulatory ducts slightly narrowing in the anterior region ( Figs 25F–G , 33D ). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Maracay, currently the capital of the State of Aragua in Venezuela . Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1 ♂ ; Aragua , Colonia Tovar ; [ 10°24′20″ N , 67°17′22″ W ]; E. Simon leg.; MNHN 11319 . Paratypes VENEZUELA • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 11319 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 209871 . Other material VENEZUELA – Aragua • 1 ♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for holotype ; MNHN 11314 . Description Male ( holotype , MNHN 11319) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark ( Fig. 25A ). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darkest at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark spots in dorsal view ( Fig. 25A ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.7, carapace length 2.1, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.0 / patella 0.9/ tibia 2.2/ metatarsus 1.83 /tarsus 0.9 /total 7.83; II— 1.9/ 0.7/ 1.8 /1.8 / 0.5/ 6.7; III—1.2/ 0.6/ 1.0/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.3; IV—1.7 / 0.6/ 1.4/ 1.8 /0.49 / 5.99. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, extremely curved at the apex; cymbium with basal retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process short and hyaline; subtegulum hardly visible; sperm duct with primary looping large ( Figs 25C–E , 26A–C ). ABDOMEN. Length 2.6, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.2 from base of spinnerets. Female ( paratype , MNHN 11319) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species ( Fig. 25B ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.6, carapace length 2.5, width 1.95. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.1, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. Fig. 25. Tafana maracay sp. nov. (A, C–E = ♂, MNHN 11314; B, F–G= ♀, MNHN 11314). A . Habitus, dorsal view. B . Habitus, dorsal view. C . Left palp, ventral view (arrow indicating character). D . Left palp, retrolateral view. E . Left palp, dorsal view. F . Epigynum, ventral view. G . Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD=copulatory ducts; Ch =character; CO=copulatory opening; FD = fertilization ducts; H =hood; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; S1= primary spermathecae; S2 =secondary spermathecae. Scale bars: A =2.16 mm; B= 3.5 mm; C–G =0.25 mm. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.8 /patella 0.9/ tibia 1.8/ metatarsus 1.5/ tarsus 0.8 /total 6.8; II— 1.8/ 0.9/ 1.6 /1.4 / 0.7/ 6.4; III—1.5 / 0.8/ 1.0/ 1.22 / 0.4/ 4.22; IV—2.0 / 0.9 /1.6 / 2.2/ 0.6/ 7.3. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood triangular and connecting to the lateral lobes; wide atrium; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts slightly narrow in the anterior region; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermathecae large, above primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long ( Figs 25F–G , 26D–E , 33D ). ABDOMEN. Length 4.0, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.7 from base of spinnerets. Fig. 26. Tafana maracay sp. nov. (A–C, F =♂, MNHN 11314; D–E =♀, MNHN 11314). A . Left palp, ventral view (arrow indicating character). B . Left palp, ventral view. C . Left palp, retrolateral view. D . Vulva, dorsal view. E . Vulva, dorsal view, details of spermathecae. F . Chelicerae, ventral view. Abbreviations:ABE =apophysis of base of the embolus; bTP=basal tegular protuberance; C=cymbium; CD =copulatory ducts; CG=cuticular glands; Ch =character; CO =copulatory opening; E =embolus; FD = fertilization ducts; GD =gland ducts; H =hood; MA =median apophysis; RP=retrolateral projection; RTA =retrolateral tibial apophysis; S1= primary spermathecae; S2 =secondary spermathecae; ST = subtegulum; T= tegulum; VTP=ventral tegular process. Scale bars: A, C, F =0.5 mm; B =0.3 mm; D =0.1 mm; E =0.03 mm. Variation Three males: total length 4.1–5.3; carapace 1.8–2.4; femur I 1.9–2.5. Four females: total length 4.3–6.6; carapace 1.7–2.3; femur I 1.3–2.0. Distribution Venezuela ( Fig. 34 ).