A taxonomic revision of the ground spiders of the genus Apopyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) Author Azevedo, Guilherme H. F. Author Ott, Ricardo Author Griswold, Charles E. Author Santos, Adalberto J. text Zootaxa 2016 4178 3 301 327 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.1 7e73aacb-9d7d-4eb6-a151-af4fb9935077 1175-5326 261073 2EE90745-EEA2-4ECA-A82B-EFC246495682 Apopyllus silvestrii ( Simon, 1905 ) Figs 2 A–D, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A–B, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A Melanophora silvestrii Simon, 1905 : 4 . Male and female syntypes from Cañadón Misioneros , Río Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , Argentina ( 49° 59' 19.83" S 68° 33' 16.68" W ) deposited in MNHN 13462 (examined). Zelotes silvestrii : Petrunkevitch, 1911 : 151 . Zelotes melanophorus Mello-Leitão, 1941 : 169 , fig. 59. Male and female syntypes from Colalao , Tucumán , Argentina ( 31º14’3”S , 64º15’40”W ), deposited in MLP 14895 (examined through photographs). Synonymized by Platnick & Shadab (1984) . Gytha argentina Mello-Leitão, 1944 : 351 , fig. 42. Male holotype from La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina ( 34º55’16”S , 57º57’15”W ), deposited in MLP 16080 (examined through photographs). Synonymized by Platnick & Shadab (1984) . Apopyllus silvestrii : Platnick & Shadab, 1984 : 3 , figs 1–4. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished by truncated terminal tip of RTA in dorsal view ( Figs 7 A, 8A), a sinuous outline of the apical keel of RTA ( Fig. 9 A) and dorsal keel of RTA rounded and curved in retrobasal view ( Fig. 9 B). Females can be distinguished by the parallel PDT and LAT and by the secondary spermatheca much smaller than the primary spermatheca ( Figs 12 A, 13A). Description. See Platnick & Shadab (1984) . In addition, the RTA has a small basal retrolateral tubercle ( Fig. 2 C). Variation. Male carapace length (N=18) 1.84–3.32. Female carapace length (N=15) 2.28–3.32. Material examined. ARGENTINA : Chubut : Epuyén (labeled as Epuylu), 42º14'3"S , 71º21'3"W , 6Ƌ 3♀ 1 juvenile , 12.VI.1962 , A. Kovacs coll. ( AMNH ), 1Ƌ 1♀ , 2.VIII.1962 , A. Kovacs coll. ( AMNH ), Esquel , Road to La Hoya , 42º54'S , 71º19'W , 2♀ , 16.XI.1988 , V. & B. Roth coll. (CASENT 9066946); Córdoba : Pampa de Achala , El Cóndor , 31º36'31"S , 64º45'44"W , 2152.2m , 1♀, 8.XII.1997 , A. Kury coll. (MNRJ 6664). BOLIVIA : La Paz : Huatajata : Lake Titicaca , 16º13'37"S , 68º41'37"W , 2Ƌ 1♀ , 8.VIII.1993 , H. Höfer & A.D. Brescovit coll. ( MCN 23741) . BRAZIL : Minas Gerais : Belo Horizonte , Campus da UFMG , 19º51'41"S , 43º57'48"W , 1Ƌ, 6.V.2001 , E.O. Machado coll. ( UFMG 686 ), Belo Horizonte , Estação Ecológica da UFMG , 19º52'38"S , 43º58'16"W , 845m , 1♀, I.2001 (UFMG 8330), 1♀, III.2001 (UFMG 8323); Rio Grande do Sul : Bagé , 1Ƌ, 30.X.2003 , L. Almeida coll. ( MCTP 16977 ) , 1♀, 30.XII.2003 , L. Almeida coll. (MCTP 16976), Carlos Barbosa, 29º18'0"S, 51º30'0"W, 1Ƌ, 28.X.1989 , A.A. Lise coll. (MCN 18964), Eldorado do Sul , 1Ƌ, 25–30.XI.1996 , G. Carvalho & R. Silva coll. ( MCTP 12551 ), Itaara , 29º45'18"S , 53º59'31"W , 1Ƌ, 24.VIII.2009 , R. Alves coll. ( MCTP 26289 ), 29º45'18"S , 57º5'16"W , 3Ƌ 1♀ , X.2009 , R. Alves coll. ( MCTP 26292, 26293 ) , Morrinhos do Sul , Pixirica , 2♀ , 02.XI.2006 , A. Gonçalves coll. ( MCN 52302), 1m , 1♀, 1–16.VI.2006 , A. Gonçalves coll. (MCN 52300), Porto Alegre, 1Ƌ, 10.V.2000 , A. Braul coll. (MCTP 11216), Morrinhos do Sul , Três Passos , 1♀ , 01.XI.2006 , A. Gonçalves coll. ( MCN 52301), Porto Alegre , Vila Nova , 29º59'29"S , 51º13'16"W , 2Ƌ 1♀ , 21.XI.2006 , E.L.C. Silva coll. ( MCTP 19720 ), Santana do Livramento , Rincão Bonito do Ibirapuitã , 30º37'49''S , 55º32'26''W , 1Ƌ, 13.XI.2012 , Equipe PELD / MCN coll. ( MCN 52296), São Francisco de Paula , Potreiro Velho , Pró Mata , 1♀, 20.VII.1999 , A. A. Lise coll. (MCTP 12671), 1Ƌ, 21–24.X.1999 , A. A. Lise coll. (MCTP 16028), Uruguaiana, Imbaa, 1Ƌ, 24.VI.2009 , R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26288), 2♀, 2Ƌ, I.2009 , R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26282, 26283, 26285, 26286), 1♀, II.2009 , R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26284), 1Ƌ, IX.2009 , R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26290), 1Ƌ, X.2009 , R. Alves coll. (MCTP 26291), Minas do Leão, 1Ƌ, 12.VI.2008 , L. R. Podgaiski coll. (MCN 44393), Viamão, Parque Estadual Itapuã, 2Ƌ, 2♀, 18.IV–06.V.2007 , R. Moraes coll. (MCTP 29996); Santa Catarina : Chapecó , 27º6'1"S , 52º35'59"W , 1Ƌ, 23.IX.2008 , R.C. Francisco coll. ( MCTP 29641 ), Florianópolis , 27º34'60"S , 48º33'59"W , 1♀, 24.X.1988 , V. & B. Roth coll. (CASENT 9066937), 1Ƌ, 23.V.2003 , C. E. Santo coll. (MCTP 19765). PERU : Puna : Lake Titicaca , 15º50'28"S , 70º1'31"W , 3900m , 1♀, VI.1947 , W. Weyrauch coll. (AMNH); Puno : 60km N Puno , 15º50'24"S , 70º1'18"W , 1Ƌ 1♀ 2 juveniles , 21.II.1951 , Ross & Michelbacher coll. (CASENT 9048498) . URUGUAY : Lavalleja : Arequita , Cerro Arequita , 34º17'11"S , 55º16'5"W , 1♀ , 5.XII.1997 , A.D. Brescovit coll. ( IBSP 14468 ) . Distribution. Southern Chile and Argentina to southern Peru and central-western Brazil ( Fig. 14 A).