Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 18. Croton heterodoxus Baillon (1864: 309) . Lectotype (designated by Smith et al. 1988 ): — BRAZIL . São Paulo : s.loc., 1833, C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 8 ( P 00623554 !) . Remaining syntype : — BRAZIL . São Paulo : “campos près des Jaquarihahiba”, 1816–1821, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 1443 (P 00623555!). ( Fig. 11 , A–E) Croton heterodoxus is a subshrub that can be recognized by its lanose indumentum, densely congested inflorescences, and stipules, bracts and pistillate sepals with stipitate glands (colleters) along the margin. The species is a member of section Barhamia subsect. Medea ( van Ee et al . 2011 ) . Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Uruguay and Brazil ( PR ,SC, SP) ( Smith et al. 1988 , Caruzo et al. 2020 ), growing in open vegetation (‘campos limpos’ and ‘campos sujos’), also common in Campos Gerais in Paraná , between 840 and 1040 m elevation. ( Fig. 10 ) Phenology:— Flowering from August to March, and fruiting from March, August, October and December. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ : Jaguariaíva , Fazenda Chapadão , 19 August 2010 , E . Barbosa , J . Cordeiro , L . von Lessing & E . F . Costa 2672 ( MBM , RB ). Palmeira , próximo ao Haras Valente , 04 February 1999 , G . Hatschbach & S . R . Ziller 68956 ( MBM ). Ponta Grossa, PARNA Campos Gerais , Furnas Gêmeas , 12 November 2015 , A . P . N . Pereira e R . F . Santos 05 ( SP ). São Jerônimo da Serra , Fazenda Nho O , 26 September 1970 , G . Hatschbach & O . Guimarães 24795 ( MBM ). Sengés , Rio Itararé , 15 June 1971 , G . Hatschbach 26731 ( MBM ) .