Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 32. Croton serratifolius Baillon (1864: 312) . Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL . Rio Grande do Sul : 1821, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 2704 ( P 00493375 !; isolectotypes A 00047422, F 0093310!, P 00493376!) . ( Fig. 17 , F–J) This shrub can be recognized by its stipules, bracts, and glandular pistillate sepals with stipitate glands (colleters) along the margin. In the field, these glands are greenish and give the plant a viscous appearance; plants are frequently visited by ants. Despite the species epithet being “ serratifolius ”, we have seen entire and serrate leaf margins in the same individuals. The species morphologically resembles Croton chaetophorus , but both species can be differentiated by vegetative characteristics (see comments in C. chaetophorus ). Caruzo et al. (2020) recognized C. garckeanus Baillon (1964: 308) as a synonym of C. serratifolius , and we agree with that. Nevertheless, Croton garckeanus requires further evaluation and the study of more collections to identified additional characters that help to support this claim. The species is a member of section Barhamia subsect. Medea . Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Argentina , Paraguay and Brazil ( MS , PR , RS , SC , SP) ( Caruzo et al. 2020 ), growing in open vegetation; often found in ‘cerrado’, between 555 and 1035 m elevation ( Fig. 16 ). Phenology:— Flowering from October to April, and fruiting from October, January and March. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ : Balsa Nova , Ponte dos Arcos , 06 July 2005 , C . Kozera & O . P . Kozera 2239 ( MBM ). Bituruna , Fazenda Lageado Grande , 17 September 2003 , D. Liebsch 581 ( HFC , MBM ). Campo Mourão , Cerrado Valtra , 24°00’’52.04’ S , 52°21’47.02” W, 555 m , 18 October 2016 , A . P . N . Pereira , F . S . Petrongari & O . L . M . Silva 26 ( SP ). Curitiba , Bariguy , 30 June 1958 , R . Lange 1121 ( MBM ). União da Vitória , Estrada para Porto Vitória , 16 October 1966 , G . Hatschbach 14889 ( K , MBM , NY , P ) .