A new species of Zygophylax (Quelch, 1885) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from South Africa, with taxonomic notes on the southern African species of the genus Author Campos, Felipe Ferreira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. CEP: 50670 - 420 Author Pérez, Carlos Daniel Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. CEP: 50670 - 420 & Núcleo de Biologia, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil. jazintheking @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0866 - 1183 Author Puce, Stefania Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy s. puce @ staff. univpm. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8163 - 1554 Author Marques, Antonio Carlos Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil text Zootaxa 2020 2020-05-21 4779 4 535 552 journal article 21923 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.5 5f00bbf3-a878-48ca-a795-3f7ef876f299 1175-5326 3839510 186C1834-BD6C-4AAE-A8D9-BF64790C6CDF Zygophylax geminocarpa Millard, 1958 Zygophylax geminocarpa Millard, 1958: 177–179 , fig. 4 d–g; Millard, 1975: 195 , fig. 63 d–g; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 84 ; Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 28 ; Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69 . Type series. Holotype — eight fertile stems in alcohol and two whole mounts ( SAM H59 ) ( Millard, 1979 ). Type locality. Coll. Pieter Faure , St. 12308, Off Port Shepstone , Natal, South Africa , 30°53’S , 30°28’E , 66 m , 14 March 1901 . Geographical distribution. Only known from type locality. Remarks. This is the remaining species for southern Africa but, unfortunately, the type and additional materials of this species could not be accessed. Zygophylax geminocarpa Millard (1958) resembles Z. crozetensis in its short hydrothecal pedicel, arrangement of hydrothecae and shape of hydrothecal walls with the abcauline wall almost rectilineous and adcauline wall convex for most of its length, besides of the elongated gonotheca fused to each other for about 3/4 of length, and the similar measurements of the trophosome. Zygophylax geminocarpa was described by Millard (1958) as “Cauline hydrothecae almost completely immersed in the peripheral tubes of the stem. Nematotheca 1–4 on each hydrothecal apophysis (usually 2), and an irregular number on the peripheral tubes of the stem. Gonothecae not collected in coppiniae, but attached to one another in pairs, and arranged in dense clusters around the main stem and principal branches. Each gonotheca very large, elongated, round in section, tapering to the base, and, more rapidly, to the tip, fused to its twin for about 3/4 of length and then free. Scattered nematothecae borne on lower half. The gonothecae are not fully mature and have no openings to the exterior, nor can the sex be determined”.