A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)
Author
Trietsch, Carolyn
Author
Mikó, István
Author
Ezray, Briana
Author
Deans, Andrew R.
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-06-15
4792
1
1
155
journal article
21681
10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1
dd8ef826-0c0f-4261-b127-1d1afa7f5601
1175-5326
3895976
326F6A15-216E-439A-AD59-3CDF7551D3F6
Key to Male
Conostigmus
from the Nearctic Region
Distribution Maps of Nearctic species:
Figures 5
,
6
,
7
,
8
1. Pronotum elongate, pronotum longer than mesoscutum along midline (prn;
Figs. 31A, B
)....................................................................................
C. muesebecki
(
Ecnomothorax
)
Dessart & Masner, 1965
- Pronotum not elongate, pronotum shorter than mesoscutum along midline (prn;
Figs. 9A
;
14A, C
;
19B
).................2.
2. Median mesoscutal sulcus absent or terminating anterior to the transscutal articulation (
Fig. 21B
)..................................................................................................
C. dimidiatus
(
Thomson, 1858
)
- Median mesoscutal sulcus present and complete, terminating adjacent to the transscutal articulation (mms;
Figs. 14A, C
;
25A, B
).................................................................................................3.
3. Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations (trs;
Figs. 47B
;
63B, C
)........................................4.
- Ventral metapleural area without transverse striations (
Figs. 9C
;
39A
;
57
).........................................5.
4. Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations only on dorsal half (trs;
Fig. 47B
); median process on intertorular carina present and blunt (mip;
Fig. 60B
); facial sulcus impression absent (
Fig. 22
); proximal margin of S9 without submedial projections (
Fig. 10F
); harpe bilobed (
Fig. 48B
); harpe with sparse lateral setae (
Figs. 48A, C
)....
C. triangularis
(
Thomson, 1858
)
- Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations on dorsal and ventral halves (trs;
Figs. 63B, C
); median process on intertorular carina absent (
Fig. 82B
); facial sulcus impression sometimes present (for complete facial sulcus, see fs;
Fig. 9B
); proximal margin of S9 with submedial projections (sbm;
Fig. 64D
); harpe simple (
Fig. 64B
); harpe with dense lateral setae, evenly distributed across entire lateral surface (
Figs. 64A, C
)........................................
C. lepus
Trietsch
sp. nov.
5. Head shape distinctly square in anterior view (on males and females) (
Fig. 43D
); F9 the longest male flagellomere (
Fig. 43B
).................................................................
C. quadratogenalis
Dessart & Cooper, 1975
- Head shape circular or triangular in anterior view (
Figs. 17B
;
18B
;
22
;
49B
;
66C
); F9 not the longest male flagellomere (
Figs. 16
;
51
;
78
)...........................................................................................6.
6. Facial sulcus present and complete, extending from intertorular carina to anterior ocellus (fs;
Figs. 9B
;
79B
).............7.
- Facial sulcus absent or incomplete, not connecting intertorular carina to anterior ocellus (absent in
Figs. 17B
;
18B
;
22
;
49B
;
66C
)...............................................................................................9.
7. Harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view (
Fig. 80B
); harpe not spoon-shaped or spatulate (
Figs. 80A, B, C
); gonostyle–vol-sella complex with dorsomedian projection (dmp;
Fig. 80C
)...........................
C. rosemaryae
Trietsch
sp. nov.
- Harpe longer than gonostipes in lateral view (
Fig. 10C
); harpe spoon-shaped or spatulate (
Figs. 10A, B
;
42A, B
); gonostylevolsella complex without dorsomedian projection (
Fig. 42B
)...................................................8.
8. Parossiculi with 1–3 apical setae (prs;
Fig. 10B
); harpe straight, oriented medially (
Figs. 10A, B, D, E
)...........................................................................................
C. abdominalis
(
Boheman, 1832
)
- Parossiculi with 4 or more apical setae (prs;
Fig. 42A
); harpe twisted, oriented dorsally or dorsomedially (
Fig. 42
AB; most visible when looking at base of right harpe in
Fig. 42B
)................................
C. pulchellus
Whittaker, 1930
9. Mesopostscutellum present (mpm;
Figs. 47B
;
73A
).........................................................10.
- Mesopostscutellum absent (
Figs. 19A
;
21A
;
43A
;
82A
)......................................................12.
10. Dorsomedian projection of the gonostyle–volsella complex present and bilobed (dmp;
Fig. 74C
); head 1.3× wider than mesosoma (PscW×2) (
Fig. 73B
);......................................................
C. muratorei
Trietsch
sp. nov.
- Dorsomedian projection of the gonostyle–volsella complex absent (
Figs. 37C
;
56C
); head less than 1.3× as wide as mesosoma (PscW×2) (
Figs. 36A
;
55B
)............................................................................11.
11. Proximodorsal notch of cupula present and U-shaped, longer than wide (pdn;
Figs. 56A, C
); parossiculi with one apical seta (prs;
Fig. 56A
); proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex shape acute (
Fig. 56C
)....................................................................................
C. duncani
Trietsch
sp. nov.
- Proximodorsal notch of cupula present and U-shaped, wider than long (pdn;
Figs. 37A, C
); parossiculi with 2–3 apical setae (
Figs. 37A, C
); proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex shape blunt (
Fig. 37C
)......................................................................................
C. orcasensis
(Brues), 1909
12. Sternaulus present (ste;
Figs. 9A
;
34B
;
70A
)...............................................................18.
- Sternaulus absent (
Figs. 24
;
32A
;
60A
;
66A
)..............................................................13.
13. Wings absent or reduced, never extending past the mesoscutellum (
Figs. 24A, B
;
25A, B
); OOL:POL ratio less than 0.8 (
Figs. 25A, B
)..................................................................
C. erythrothorax
(
Ashmead, 1893
)
- Wings present and macropterous (
Figs. 65
;
78
;
82
); OOL:POL ratio greater than 0.8 (
Figs. 60B
;
66B
;
68B
).............14.
14. Harpe equal to or longer than gonostipes in lateral view (
Fig. 67B
).....................
C. longiharpes
Trietsch
sp. nov.
- Harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view (
Figs. 33D
;
83B
)................................................15.
15. Occipital carina complete (see oc;
Fig 1B
in
Mikó and Deans (2009))
; widest point of harpe between proximal 1/3rd and 2/3rds (
Fig. 61B
)..............................................................
C. johnsoni
Trietsch & Mikó
sp. nov.
- Occipital carina incomplete; widest point of harpe at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex (
Figs. 33D
;
69B
;
83B
)..............................................................................................16.
16. Preoccipital lunula present (pou;
Fig. 47c
); preoccipital furrow present and crenulate (pof;
Fig. 66B
)..................17.
- Preoccipital lunula absent (
Fig. 68B
); preoccipital furrow present or absent, but if present, then appearing as a faint impression, never crenulate (
Fig. 68B
)........................................................
C. michaeli
Trietsch
sp. nov.
17. Median process on intertorular carina present and blunt (mip;
Fig. 60B
); head with rugose sculpture throughout (
Fig. 32B
); anterior half of mesosoma lighter in coloration than posterior half (
Figs. 32A, B
)..............
C. nigrorufus
Dessart, 1997
- Median process on intertorular carina absent (
Fig. 82B
); head without rugose sculpture (
Fig. 82B
); anterior and posterior half of mesosoma concolorous (
Figs. 81
;
82A, B
).......................................
C. washburni
Trietsch
sp. nov.
18. Sternaulus not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus on winged specimens (no wingless specimens known) (ste;
Fig. 34A
); medioventral conjunctiva present (parossiculi independent or fused proximally) (
Figs. 23A
;
26A
;
37A
); cupula with proximodorsal notch present, arched (inverted U-shape), and longer than wide (pdn;
Figs. 37A, C
)..............................................................................................
C. obscurus
(
Thomson, 1858
)
- Sternaulus exceeding 3/4 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus in winged specimens (ste;
Fig. 70A
); medioventral conjunctiva absent (parossiculi fused) (
Figs. 29A
;
71A
;
77A
); cupula with proximodorsal notch present or absent, can be arched (inverted U-shape) if present, but never longer than wide (pdn;
Fig. 37A
)........................................19.
19. Proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex acute (
Fig. 53C
; see Methods for explanation of this character); scape more than 5.5× as long as the pedicel in macropterous specimens (no wingless specimens known) (
Fig. 52A
).........................................
C. dessarti
Trietsch & Mikó
sp. nov.
(no wingless specimens known)
- Proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex blunt or straight; scape less than 5.5× as long as pedicel in macropterous specimens (
Fig. 28A
).............................................................20.
20. Gonossiculi with one spine more than 2× as long as the others (gsn;
Fig 59B
); gonostyle–volsella complex with medioventral ridge present (mgv;
Figs. 29A
;
59A
).....................................................................21.
- Gonossiculi not with one spine more than 2× as long as the others (spines of similar lengths) (gsn;
Fig. 71B
); gonostyle–volsella complex with medioventral ridge absent (
Fig. 71A
).............................
C. minimus
Trietsch & Mikó
sp. nov.
21. Distoventral edge of harpe with dense patch of setae (dps;
Fig. 59A
)............................................22.
- Distoventral edge of harpe without dense patch of setae (
Figs. 29A, B
)....................
C. laeviceps
(
Ashmead, 1893
)
22. Axillular carinae present (axc;
Fig. 76B
).....................................
C. musettiae
Trietsch & Mikó
sp. nov.
- Axillular carinae absent (
Figs. 14A, C
)...................................................................23.
23. Harpe curved and sickle-shaped in lateral view (distoventral margin of harpe concave in lateral view) (
Figs. 15D, E, F
); wings macropterous (
Fig. 13A
) or brachypterous (
Figs. 13B
;
14A, B, C
); syntergite sometimes with paired blue iridescent ovals (
Fig. 14C
).........................................................................
C. bipunctatus
Kieffer, 1907
- Harpe simple, not curved and sickle-shaped in lateral view (distoventral margin of harpe convex in lateral view) (
Fig. 59B
); wings always macropterous (
Fig. 57
); syntergite without paired blue iridescent ovals...
C. franzinii
Trietsch & Mikó
sp. nov.