Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated Author Ota, Renata Rúbia Author Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho Author Graça, Weferson Júnio da Author Pavanelli, Carla Simone text Neotropical Ichthyology 2018 2018-06-11 16 2 1 111 journal article 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094 f68fe85c-2a4c-4625-b684-74f61398d6c2 1982-0224 3678395 Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 Fig. 36 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 2.5 to 4.1 and caudal peduncle depth 5.4 to 8.1 times in SL; head length 4.0 to 5.6, predorsal distance 1.6 to 1.8, and gonopodium length 2.6 to 3.1 in SL; snout length 3.2 to 7.6, horizontal orbital diameter 1.9 to 3.0 and least interorbital width 2.3 to 2.4 in HL. Mouth superior, dentary prognathous; premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth. Longitudinal series with 26- 32 scales and transverse series with 7-9 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 7-9, pectoral fin with 11-13, pelvic fin with 5 or 6 and anal fin with 8-10 (males) or 10-12 rays (females) ( Graça, Pavanelli, 2007 ; Lucinda, 2008 ). Ground color yellowish brown; dark-brown lateral spot, vertically elongated; scales with dark-brown border, conferring reticulate pattern to body. Maximum standard length. 45.2 mm . Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system and coastal drainages from the rio Itaboapana to the rio Araranguá. Remarks. Phalloceros harpagos was identified as P. aff. caudimaculatus by Graça, Pavanelli (2007) . Lucinda (2008) , in a systematic study of Phalloceros , described the new species, P. harpagos , from the Paraná-Paraguay system and coastal drainages of Southern Brazil ; and restricted the distribution of P. caudimaculatus to the rio Mampituba, Laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí drainages, lower río Uruguay and coastal drainages of Uruguay and Argentina .