Rediscovering the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of Estonia: an annotated checklist with distribution maps and DNA evidence Author Kirik, Heli 0000-0002-5654-4045 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 5 D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia & hekirik @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5654 - 4045 hekirik@gmail.com Author Tummeleht, Lea Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia Author Kurina, Olavi 0000-0002-4858-4629 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Inst of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 5 D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia & olavi. kurina @ emu. ee; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4858 - 4629 olavi.kurina@emu.ee text Zootaxa 2022 2022-02-03 5094 2 261 287 journal article 20788 10.11646/zootaxa.5094.2.3 9f61afca-6905-40a6-9dfd-d0d05e940641 1175-5326 5965149 5E46B86A-1E84-4302-A82D-7D9BB94CB758 27. Culex ( Culex ) torrentium Martini, 1925 ( Fig. 4H ) Published sources: Remm (1057: 157, as Culex exilis Dyar, 1924 ), Burtin (2014: 40) , Kirik et al . (2021: 11 , as Cx. ( Cux. ) pipiens / torrentium ). Voucher material: 1♀ , Tartu ( 58° 22′ 17″ N , 26° 41′ 58″ E ), 27.IX.2016 , H. Kirik leg., H. Kirik det., sweep net , IZBE0210228 , GenBank : OK465178 ; 1♀ , Tartu ( 58° 23′ 40″ N , 26° 44′ 05″ E ), 08.IX.2016 , H. Kirik leg., H. Kirik det., sweep net , IZBE0210229 , GenBank : OK465179 ; 1♂ , Tartu ( 58° 23′ 44″ N , 26° 43′ 44″ E ), 27.IX.2016 , H. Kirik leg., H. Kirik det., sweep net , IZBE0210245 . Comment: The adult females of Cx. torrentium are difficult to distinguish from Cx. pipiens based on only morphological characteristics. Of 12 females subjected to DNA barcoding, seven (58.3%) were identified as Cx. torrentium . Adult males of the two species can be distinguished based on structures of their genitalia. In 2013, 68 (51.5%) among 132 males were identified as Cx. torrentium . In 2017, only 54 (39.1%) males were determined to be Cx. torrentium compared to 84 (60.9%) of individuals identified as Cx. pipiens . All things considered, it is reasonable to assume that Cx. torrentium makes up about half of the 1,236 (5.1% of all collected mosquitoes collected) identified as Cx. pipiens / torrentium during in this study. However, the true relative abundance of these mosquitoes may have been underestimated in this study due to collection bias. Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens are most active at the end of summer, when they become dominant. Seven Cx. torrentium caught in Estonia were analyzed for Wolbachia pipientis using the wsp gene for detection. The results were negative, which is in line with the findings of Bergman & Hesson (2021) .