Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species Author Soares, Matheus M. M. 0000-0002-2355-1441 matheusmmsoares@gmail.com Author Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. 0000-0002-7560-4939 rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com Author Ale-Rocha, Rosaly 0000-0001-9874-9770 alerocha@inpa.gov.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-10-11 5049 1 1 84 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 journal article 3976 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 5dc17a27-e095-4dc8-b10d-09fc935dbf45 1175-5326 5560580 F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED Syneches maculosum Menezes & Ale-Rocha ( Figs 29A–E , 54 ) Syneches maculosum Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016: 421–422 , figs 59–65, 110, 120. Type locality: Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas, Brazil . Diagnosis. Small size ( 2.5 mm ) ( Fig. 29A ). Antenna dark brown, covered with gray pruinescence ( Fig. 29C ). Scutum pyramidal-shaped, broader than mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with reddish brown pruinescence, but dc stripe lighter and prescutellar disc and central portion of scutellum with gray pruinescence ( Figs 29A, B ). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma split into two spots, one posterior to apex of R 1 , other at apex of cell r 1 ; second section of M 1 shorter than crossvein r-m; cell bm slightly longer than cells br and cua ( Fig. 29E ). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ ( INPA ) labelled: “ BRASIL , Amazonas , Pq [ Parque ] N [ Nacional ] [do] Jaú , Ig [ Igarapé ] Miratucu , Ig [ Igarapé ] do Gerlei , 01°57′00″S 61°49′00″W , 23–28.vii.1995 ” “Arm[adilha] Suspensa, 15 mts, J.A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal ” “Holótipo, Syneches maculosum , Menezes & Ale-Rocha ” [red label] . Holotype condition: left postpedicel and antennal stylus lost, left wing mounted between cover slides; not dissected. Additional material examined. BRAZIL . Amazonas : Barcelos , Rio Aracá , Comun. Bacuquara, 00°09′17.5″N 63°10′35.2″W , Arm. Luminosa baixa, 18–21:00h, 12.vi.2010 , P. Dias , J.A. Rafael & R. Machado ( 1 ♂ , INPA ) . PERU . Cusco : Quincemil , Río Araza , 13°21′18″S 70°53′22″W , 1000 m , 22–26.viii.2012 , sweep, J.A. Rafael & R. R. Cavichioli ( 1 ♀ , INPA ) . Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) ( Fig. 54 ); Peru ( Huánuco , Loreto ). Syneches maculosum is known to occur only in the Amazon biome. Variation. Some specimens from Amazonas have the wing hyaline, lacking pale brown infuscation, and hind tarsomere 4 brown, darker than in holotype , which has this tarsomere yellow. Remarks. This species is similar to S. vidali by the scutum broader than mesopleuron, pyramidal-shaped and the pterostigma divided into two spots. However, S. maculosum has the scutum with dc stripe with pale pruinescence, without circles of gray pruinescence, pterostigma not exceeding the apex of cell r 1 , second section of M 1 shorter than crossvein r-m, and distal margin of hypandrium slightly concave with 1 pair of apical bristles, inserted distantly from each other ( ref . Menezes & Ale-Rocha 2016 , fig. 60), while in S. vidali the scutum has the dc stripe of gray pruinescence, one circle of gray pruinescence on npl and other just above npl, pterostigma exceeds the apex of cell r 1 , the second section of M 1 is longer than crossvein r-m and the distal margin of the hypandrium is slightly concave bearing 1 pair of bristles, but they are inserted close to each other ( ref. Ale-Rocha & Vieira 2008 , fig. 30).