Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species Author Soares, Matheus M. M. 0000-0002-2355-1441 matheusmmsoares@gmail.com Author Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. 0000-0002-7560-4939 rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com Author Ale-Rocha, Rosaly 0000-0001-9874-9770 alerocha@inpa.gov.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-10-11 5049 1 1 84 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 journal article 3976 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1 5dc17a27-e095-4dc8-b10d-09fc935dbf45 1175-5326 5560580 F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED Syneches vidali Ale-Rocha & Vieira ( Figs 47A–E , 55 ) Syneches vidali Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008: 120 , figs 29–35, 40; Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016: 433 , fig. 123 (key, distr.). Type locality: Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas, Brazil . Diagnosis. Small size ( 2.6 mm ) ( Fig. 47A ). Antenna with scape and pedicel brown, postpedicel brown on basal half and pale yellow on apical half ( Fig. 47C ), sometimes varying from entirely brown to entirely yellow. Scutum broader than mesopleuron in lateral view, dark brown covered with reddish brown pruinescence, except by pprn lb, dc stripe and prescutellar disc covered both with gray pruinescence; one circle of gray pruinescence on npl and other just above npl ( Fig. 47B ). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown, pterostigma divided into two brown spots, one triangular, posterior to apex of R 1 , and one quadrangular extended beyond the apex of cell r 1 ; second section of M 1 slightly longer than crossvein r-m ( Fig. 47E ). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ ( INPA ) labelled: “ BRASIL , Amazonas , Parque Nacional [do] Jaú , 29.vii–08.viii.2001 , 01°54′46″S 61°35′23″W ; Arm[adilha] Malaise, campina arbustiva, Henriques & Vidal” “Holótipo, Syneches vidali Ale-Rocha & Vieira [red label]” . Holotype condition: good; not dissected. FIGURE 47. Syneches vidali Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008 . A–D. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view. E. Male from Minas Gerais. Wing. FIGURE 48. Syneches walkeri Smith, 1962 . A–B. Habitus, lateral view. A. Holotype; B. Male from Maranhão. C–E. Head, lateral view. C. Holotype; D. Male from Maranhão; E. Male from Amazonas. F–G. Hind leg. F. Holotype, posterior view; G. Male from Maranhão, anterior view. H. Male from Amapá. Wing. Additional material examined. BRAZIL . Maranhão : Bom Jardim , REBIO-Res. Biol. Gurupi , Armad. Luminosa Móvel , 17–27.i.2010 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , J.T. Câmara & M.B. Aguiar Neto , cols. ( 3♀ , CZMA ) . Rio Grande do Norte : Baía Formosa , Mata Estrela , 06°23′19″S 35°01′05″W , 44 m , 24.v.2007 , J.A. Rafael & F.F. Xavier F., Luz ( 2 ♂ , INPA ) . Minas Gerais : Ouro Preto , 12–13.iv.1968 , F.C. Val , col. ( 4 ♂ , 1 ♀ , MZUSP ) . São Paulo : Cássia dos Coqueiros , Mun. Cajuru , ix.1954 , M.P. Barretto col. ( 3 ♂ , MZUSP ) ; Praia de Guaratuba , Bertioga , 1969, F.C. Val , col. ( 1 ♂ , MZUSP ) . Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão *, Minas Gerais *, Rio Grande do Norte *, São Paulo *) ( Fig. 55 ). Syneches vidali was originally described from the Amazon biome and it is now recorded occurring also in the Atlantic Forest biome. Remarks. Syneches vidali is similar to S . maculosum as mentioned above (see “Remarks” under S . maculosum ). However, S. vidali can be differentiated by the pruinescence pattern on the scutum and the pterostigma extends beyond the apex of cell r 1 .