On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species Author Chan, Tin-Yam Author Cleva, Régis Author Chu, Ka Hou text Zootaxa 2016 4150 3 201 254 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1 ddcdc8f1-17ec-4ff2-9f97-7f8a3f7e9d40 1175-5326 264370 323C3A73-8564-470D-94B0-4A71DAE9E940 Trachysalambria nansei Sakaji & Hayashi, 2003 ( Figs. 10 , 11 , 19 F) Trachypenaeus ( Trachysalambria ) curvirostris .— Racek, 1955 : 235, pls. 4-figs. 2, 3,7-figs. 4, 5. [not Stimpson, 1860 ] Trachypenaeus curvirostris .— Miyake, 1982 : 11, pl. 4-4; Yu & Chan, 1986 : 167 (in part), upper unnumbered photographs in pp. 168 and 169. [not Stimpson, 1860 ] Trachysalambria nansei Sakaji & Hayashi, 2003 : 162 , figs. 7–9 [ type locality: Tosa Bay, Japan ]; De Grave & Fransen, 2011 : 228 . Material examined. Japan . Tosa Bay: 65 m , 23.05.1995 , 7 males cl 11.5–12.8 mm , 3 females cl 13.2–19.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7000 ), 1 female cl 20.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6999 ) ; 55 m , 26.07.1995 , 11 males cl 11.6–13.2 mm , 7 females cl 17.3–19.9 mm (MNHN IU-2014-4997), 1 male cl 13.6 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7139), 1 female cl 20.3 mm (MNHN IU-2014-4996); 55 m , 18.03.2008 , 2 females cl 16.1 and 17.4 mm (NTOU M01990 ). Egawa, Tanabe City, Kii Peninsula, 50 m , 0 3.10.1988 , 6 females cl 12.2–20.8 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6998). Kochi City market, 0 7.10.1988 , 2 females cl 20.5 and 23.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7001 ) . Taiwan. Taiwan Strait, 11.09.1986 , 1 male cl 14.8 mm , 7 females cl 19.4–24.5 mm ( NTOU M01996 ) . Dasi fishing port, Yilan County : 10.02.1985 , 1 female cl 17.6 mm ( NTOU M01991 ) ; 17.08.1989 , 1 female cl 19.0 mm (NTOU M01992 ); 28.09.2007 , 1 female cl 26.5 mm (NTOU M01993 ); 0 8.01.2008, 1 male cl 10.8 mm , 5 females cl 14.0– 19.3 mm (NTOU M01994 ); 10.01.2008 , 11 females cl 15.4–22.0 mm (NTOU M01995 ). No specific locality: 1 female cl 19.7 mm ( NTOU M01997 ) ; 1 female cl 17.8 mm (NTOU M01998 ); about 1985, 2 females cl 24.4 and 24.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7002). Philippines . MUSORSTOM III: stn CP 121, 12°08’N , 121°18’E , 73–84 m , 0 3.06.1985, 3 males cl 10.5–13.7 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7004 ), 1 female cl 22.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7003 ) ; stn CP 142, 11°47’N, 123°02’E, 26– 27 m , 0 6.06.1985, 1 female cl 11.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7006). Australia. Western Australia : Port Hedland , 70 m , 25.01.1984 , 6 males cl 13.5–15.2 mm , 5 females cl 12.5– 23.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7018 , ex. NTM ). “ Southern Surveyor ”, Broome, L 25 transect, 16°44.25’S , 121°01.54’E , beam trawl , 109–112 m , 30.06.2007 , 1 male cl 14.0 mm, 4 females cl 15.1-23.4 mm ( NMV J57493 ). “ Southern Surveyor ”, off Ningaloo South , 22°04.28’S , 113°48.50’E , trawl , 101–102 m , 0 9.12.2005 , 1 males cl 13.5 mm ( NMV J54716 ). No specific locality : CSIRO cruise, “ Soela ”, stn 130, 0 6.1982, 5 males cl 13.2–16.0 mm, 17 females cl 12.5–22.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7019). SO 682, stn 128, 3 males cl 14.0–16.0 mm, 17 females cl 12.5–26.3 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7020). New Caledonia . LAGON : Belep Is., stn 37, 19°19.7’N , 163°20.2’E , 61–64 m , 21.06.1985 , 1 male cl 10.5 mm , 3 females cl 16.0– 17.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7008 ) ; stn 42, 19°34.0’S, 163°37.7’E, 43 m , 22.06.1985 , 6 females cl 13.0– 20.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7005). North lagoon: stn 67, 19°34.5’S , 161°14.5’E , 32 m , 0 5.12.1986 , 1 female cl 15.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7009 ) ; stn DW 1070, 19°54.4’S, 163°56.2’E, 29 m , 23.10.1989 , 1 male cl 11.8 mm , 1 female cl 12.8 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7007); stn DW1076, 19°52.3’S, 163°54.9’E, 31 m , 23.10.1989 , 1 male cl 9.3 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7017); stn DW 1090, 19°47.7’S, 163°51.2’E, 36–37 m , 24.10.1989 , 1 male cl 10.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7013); stn DW 1194, 19°29.5’S, 163°22.9’E, 57 m , 0 1.11.1989 , 2 males cl 8.3 and 9.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7012). Ouen Is., Prony Bay : stn DW113, 22°23’S , 166°48’E , 32 m , 22.08.1984 , 1 male cl 9.6 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7015 ) ; stn DW 234, 22°32’S, 166°51’E, 50–56 m , 23.10.1984 , 1 female cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-7010); stn DW 248, 22°24’S, 166°47’E, 42–47 m , 24.10.1984 , 1 male cl 14.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014-7014). South lagoon, stn DW 332, 22°34’S , 166°57’E , 80 m , 28.11.1984 , 1 male cl 11.2 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7011 ) . North-West lagoon, stn DW 1024, 20°5.5’S , 163°50.3’E , 26 m , 0 3.05.1988, 1 female cl 10.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-7016 ) . Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7–10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; distinctly curved upwards and “S”-shape in females, with ventral border markedly convex but tip strongly recurved downwards and directing horizontally or even ventrally (i.e., tip hook-like with ventral margin distinctly concave), tips of rostral teeth aligned in more or less concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal and with ventral border slightly convex or straight, but tip also somewhat recurved downwards and with ventral margin more or less concave, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or concave configuration; reaching from middle of second segment to tip of third segment of antennular peduncle (generally longer in larger individuals, mostly extending to middle of second antennular segment in males and to tip of second antennular segment in females); postrostral carina blunt and low, extending to near posterior carapace but sometimes rather indistinct in posterior half. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which sometimes obsolete or completely absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinctly elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but highly laminate in large individuals; somite III with dorsal carina distinct on posterior 2/3 of somite, anterior 1/3 of somite with dorsal carina generally absent or rudimentary; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in sharp spine. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular and generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body reddish pink and with lateral surfaces paler to somewhat pale white. Rostrum pinkish red with distal half pale white. Eyes dark brown. Antennular flagella pale white and antennal flagella reddish orange to pale pink. Pereiopods reddish pink with white patches. Pleopods reddish brown with lateral surfaces whitish. Abdomen with dorsal carinae on somites IV to VI pale white. Uropods reddish brown, exopods with lateral and distal margins whitish, endopods white margined except for basal parts. Distribution. Known with certainty in the western Pacific from Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , south to Australia and the New Caledonia ; at depths of 26– 112 m . Remarks. Trachysalambria nansei is unique in the genus by the S-shaped female rostrum with the tip strongly hooked ( Fig. 10 A, D-G), which is clearly illustrated in the holotype figure given in the original description ( Sakaji and Hayashi 2003: fig. 7 ) as well as in the topotypic specimens examined ( Fig. 10 A, E, F). Apart from the S-shape rostrum in females, howerer, T. nansei is rather similar to T. aspera and with some males of these two species almost identical because both have a straight rostrum. Nevertheless, the rostrum in the males of T. nansei has the tip more or less recurved downwards and with the tips of the rostral teeth aligned in a straight line ( Fig. 10 C). In T. aspera males, the tip of the rostrum never recurves downwards ( Fig. 12 D, E) and the rostral teeth often forms a crest ( Fig. 12 E). The coloration of T. nansei ( Fig. 19 F) is also similar to T. aspera ( Fig. 20A , B) but with the white markings on the body considerably paler. Thus, its coloration is actually most similar to T. parvispina sp. nov. ( Fig. 19 D) and only with the lateral body and appendages more reddish. Molecular analysis confirms that T. nansei is genetically distinct from T. aspera ( = 8.9% and = 3.9% divergences in 12S and 16S rRNA genes, respectively; Tables 2 , 3). Of the material examined, specimens from Japan , Taiwan and the Philippines are essentially the same. Specimens from Australia and New Caledonia have a somewhat broader and shorter rostrum ( Fig. 10 D, G vs. Fig. 10 A, C, E, F). Nevertheless, there is only a 2.6% or less genetic divergence amongst the specimens from Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines and Australia ( Tables 2 , 3). Trachysalambria nansei appears to be restricted to the West Pacific and Australia . Nevertheless, whether such a restricted distribution is real will need to be confirmed as the exact identities of many specimens previously reported as “ T. curvirostris ” and “ T. aspera ” in the Indo-West Pacific are still uncertain. For example, the photographs of a mature female provided by Racek (1955: pl. 4-figs. 2, 3) on “ T. curvirostris ” from New South Wales in Australia clearly showed the S-shape rostrum and therefore should belong to the present species. Likewise for some color photographs on the Japanese and Taiwanese specimens previously reported as “ T. curvirostris ” ( Miyake 1982 : pl. 4-4; Yu & Chan 1986 : upper photographs in pp. 168 and 169). Although the specimens in these photographs cannot be located now, these specimens have the tip of the rostrum recurved downwards. Moreover, the more reddish body as well as white margined uropods indicate that these photographed specimens are not the true T. curvirostris , which has the body more or less with a greyish tint and the uropods are usually yellow margined (see “Remarks” under T. curvirostris ).