A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Author Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Author Garrison, Rosser W. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 journal article 31258 10.11646/zootaxa.4361.1.1 b15f5f11-6a00-4158-8ec8-3d0004605c28 1175-5326 1069337 53489D29-C68F-44FD-9EA2-CFCA7B949630 Protoneura klugi Cowley, 1941 Figs. 11 ( ♂ habitus), 35 ( ♀ habitus), 57 ( ♀ mes. plate), 81 (gen. lig.), 107 ( ♂ app.), 124 (map) Protoneura klugi Cowley, 1941 : 145 –173, Figs. 1–23 (description of ♂ and ♀ , illustrations of color pattern, male S10, genital ligula, female pronotum, and ovipositor, map, key to species in tenuis - group;— Hoffmann (2009: 63; Peru ) ;—von Ellenrieder (2009b; IUCN assessment) ;— Garrison et al. (2010 : 379 );—von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011: 43; Ecuador ) . Primary types . Holotype ♂ . Peru , Loreto , Iquitos , v 1938 , G.G. Klug leg. [ BMNH ]. Specimens examined. 29 ♂ 5 ♀ : ECUADOR , Orellana Prov. : 8 ♂ , Tiputini Biodiversity Station USFQ , stream crossing Chorongo trail ( 0°38'16'' S , 76°8'55'' W , 224 m ), 11–16 i 2009 , R.W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder leg. [ CSCA ] ; 3 ♂ , same data but [RWG] ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (one pair in tandem), same data but stream crossing Matapalo trail at marker 450 ( 0°38'13'' S , 76°8'45'' W , 245 m ), 14–15 i 2009 , R.W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder leg. [ CSCA ] ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ , same data but [RWG] ; 1 ♀ , same data but stream crossing Numa trail at marker 100, muddy bottom, shady ( 0°38'18'' S , 76°0'37'' W , 220 m ), 10 i 2009 [ CSCA ] ; 1 ♂ , Shiripuno River , Shiripuno Lodge , 26 km SE of Shiripuno bridge, oxbow forest swamp ( 1°6'17'' S , 76°43'54'' W , 235 m ), 23–26 i 2009 , D. Wagner , W. Haber et al. leg. [RWG]; Sucumbios Prov. : 3 ♂ , Shushufindi pipeline, 3.5 km NW of Shushufindi village , small streams crossing dirt road and oil pipeline ( 0°9'58'' S , 76°41'31'' W , 295 m ), 24 i 2011 , D. Wagner , R. Vargus , W. Haber et al. leg. [RWG]. PERU , Loreto Dept. : 1 ♀ , Iquitos { 3°51' S , 73°13' W , 100 m }, v 1938 , G.G. Klug leg. [ UMMZ ] ; 1 ♂ , Explornapo Camp at junction of Sucusari River and Napo River at Llachapa { 3°16'33'' S , 72°56'18'' W , 97 m }, 27 viii 1989 , S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA ] ; 2 ♂ , same data but 14 vii 1991 , S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG] ; 3 ♂ 1 ♀ , same data but 30 vi 1991 , S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG]. Characterization. Male: Epicranium black with copper to greenish metallic reflections, dorsum of thorax black with reddish-orange stripes, and dorsum of abdomen black with narrow light blue basal spots on S3–7 and transverse whitish yellow spot on posterior half of S10, sometimes interrupted dorsally; pale colors reddish orange, pale whitish yellow to pale blue ( Fig. 11 ). Pronotum black with large orange spot on middle lobe dorsum. Mesepisternum black with orange stripe extending along humeral suture for its basal half, then branching into a long arm directed posteromedially and narrowing distally, and orange stripe extending over distal 2/3 of middorsal carina; mesepimeron black; metepisternum pale yellow with anterior and posterodorsal margins black; metepimeron black with whitish yellow posterior 1/3 to 1/2. Coxa, trochanter, and base of femur whitish yellow, remainder of leg black; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula with distal margin approximately straight and with laterodistal corners projected ventrally and with bifid tips ( Fig. 81 ). Cercus slightly shorter than S10 length, slightly shorter than paraproct, about twice as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin slightly concave in lateral view ( Fig. 107a ), with a small ventrobasal blunt tooth on outer surface; medial surface slightly concave, with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth, a partially membranous laminar medial lobe with tip located distal to midlength of cercus; tip of cercus curved medially forming a subapical blunt tooth, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 107b, c ). Paraproct about as long as S10 length, at basal third narrowing to half its basal and digitiform ( Fig. 107 ). TL 36–38; Hw 16.5–17.5. Female: As male but pale colors pale yellow; pronotum with anterior and lateral margins yellow; mesepisternum black with pale yellow upper portion of humeral stripe along basal 2/3 of suture, lacking medioposteriorly directed arm; pale area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 1/2 of segment height ( Fig. 35 ). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, directed posterodorsally, with sides straight and tip smoothly convex. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular and flat, with a transverse carina adjacent to mesostigmal plate posterior margin ( Fig. 57 ). TL 30.5–31.5; Hw 17.5–18. Diagnosis. Protoneura klugi shares male cercus longer than wide and with a laminar lobe on medial surface with P. calverti , P. macintyrei , P. scintilla , P. tenuis , and P. woytkowskii ( Figs. 101 ; 107–108; 114; 116; 118). Among them, it shares male cerci and paraprocts no longer than S10 length with P. macintyrei and P. scintilla ( Figs. 107–108a ; 114a), and it can be distinguished from them by the narrow laminar lobe on medial surface of cercus, longer than wide ( Fig. 107b ; as wide as long or wider than long in the other species, Figs. 108b ; 114b). It further differs from them by genital ligula morphology, with distal end straight and laterodistal corners projected into ventral processes with bifid tips ( Fig. 81 ; ventral processes not bifid in P. macintyrei , and distal end triangularly convex and laterodistal corners not projected into ventral processes in P. scintilla , Figs. 82 ; 88). Protoneura klugi further differs from P. macintyrei by its entirely dark tibiae (pale in P. macintyrei ) and posterior lobe of pronotum entirely black (with medial portion or less black in P. macintyrei ). Female of P. klugi shares an approximately triangular and flat mesostigmal plate with P. macintyrei , P. sulfurata , P. tenuis , and P. woytkowskii ( Figs. 57; 58 ; 66; 68–70 ). It can be distinguished from them by the presence of a transverse carina adjacent to mesostigmal plate posterior margin ( Fig. 57 ), absent in all other species, in which mesepisternum is either smooth ( Figs. 66; 68–70 ) or presents a transverse tear-shaped depression with narrowly carinate posterior margin behind mesostigmal plate ( Fig. 58 ). Habitat and biology. Adults are found at small shaded streams of muddy bottom within primary forest (von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2011 ). Distribution. Eastern Ecuador and Peru ( Fig. 124 ). Assessed as Data Deficient by IUCN (von Ellenrieder 2009b ).