Revision of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae) and 33 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica with a key to known North and Mesoamerican species Author Fleming, AJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-8047 Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada ajfleming604@gmail.com Author Woodley, Norman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-5271 ARS USDA, Arizona, United States of America Author Smith, M. Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-2575 University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Author Hallwachs, Winnie Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America Author Janzen, Daniel H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-5107 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America text Biodiversity Data Journal 2023 2023-06-30 11 103667 103667 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667 1314-2828-11-e103667 DA550910FE964DCF94A8D976762247F2 A5CB08B2813E5530B1AA5DC8EFAC5453 Belvosia robertoespinozai Fleming & Woodley sp. nov. Materials Type status: Holotype . Occurrence : occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0045539 ; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen , W. Hallwachs & Lucia Rios ; individualID: DHJPAR0045539; individualCount: 1 ; sex: Male ; lifeStage: adult ; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ACGAZ728-11, 11-SRNP-21027, BOLD:AAF0099; occurrenceID: D2530FE5-CFE7-5F84-B4FA-1BB4391669D7 ; Taxon : scientificName: Belvosia robertoespinozai; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Diptera ; family: Tachinidae ; genus: Belvosia ; specificEpithet: robertoespinozai; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley , 2023; Location : continent: Central America ; country: Costa Rica ; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste ; county: Sector El Hacha ; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste ; verbatimLocality: Estacion Los Almendros ; verbatimElevation: 290 ; verbatimLatitude: 11.0323; verbatimLongitude: -85.5278; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal ; decimalLatitude: 11.0323 ; decimalLongitude: -85.5278 ; Identification : identifiedBy: AJ Fleming ; dateIdentified: 2022; Event : samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Sphingidae , Xylophanes tyndarus ; verbatimEventDate: 23-Sep-2011 ; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen Type status: Paratype . Occurrence : occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0016360 ; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen , W. Hallwachs & Harry Ramirez ; individualID: DHJPAR0016360; individualCount: 1 ; sex: Male ; lifeStage: adult ; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAP389-06, 06-SRNP-45620, BOLD:AAF0099; occurrenceID: 159389BB-93F9-55A1-8924-2C87C7E94327 ; Taxon : scientificName: Belvosia robertoespinozai; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Diptera ; family: Tachinidae ; genus: Belvosia ; specificEpithet: robertoespinozai; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley , 2023; Location : continent: Central America ; country: Costa Rica ; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste ; county: Sector Cacao ; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste ; verbatimLocality: Quebrada Otilio ; verbatimElevation: 550 ; verbatimLatitude: 10.89; verbatimLongitude: -85.4797; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal ; decimalLatitude: 10.89 ; decimalLongitude: -85.4797 ; Identification : identifiedBy: AJ Fleming ; dateIdentified: 2022; Event : samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Sphingidae , Xylophanes tyndarus ; verbatimEventDate: 23-Aug-2006 ; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen Type status: Paratype . Occurrence : occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0016364 ; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen , W. Hallwachs & Harry Ramirez ; individualID: DHJPAR0016364; individualCount: 1 ; sex: Female ; lifeStage: adult ; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAP393-06, 06-SRNP-45615, BOLD:AAF0099; occurrenceID: 11420998-8B50-54B5-BCDD-296D9500B8C9 ; Taxon : scientificName: Belvosia robertoespinozai; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Diptera ; family: Tachinidae ; genus: Belvosia ; specificEpithet: robertoespinozai; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley , 2023; Location : continent: Central America ; country: Costa Rica ; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste ; county: Sector Cacao ; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste ; verbatimLocality: Quebrada Otilio ; verbatimElevation: 550 ; verbatimLatitude: 10.89; verbatimLongitude: -85.4797; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal ; decimalLatitude: 10.89 ; decimalLongitude: -85.4797 ; Identification : identifiedBy: AJ Fleming ; dateIdentified: 2022; Event : samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Sphingidae , Xylophanes tyndarus ; verbatimEventDate: 23-Oct-2006 ; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen Description Male (Fig. 90 ), length: 13-14mm. Head : head wider than thorax; vertex 1/3 head width; gena 1/3 of head height, 1/2 of eye height. Fronto-orbital plate silver tomentose throughout, with two rows of frontal setae, populated with short black hair-like setulae intermingled with setae; ocellar setae absent; orbital setae absent. Parafacial, densely covered in same silver tomentum as on fronto-orbital plate, entire surface reflective and brilliant appearance; almost bare along parafacial outside facial ridge, with a few black setulae intermingled with facial ridge setae and extending just below lowest frontal setae; facial ridge setose along 2/3 of its length; gena covered in black setulae. Antenna, pedicel black, concolorous with postpedicel; postpedicel black, less than 2X as long as pedicel; arista bare gradually tapering to a point at tip. Palps, dark yellow throughout and densely covered in short black setulae; tapering to a sharp point apically, devoid of setulae medially. Vibrissa approximately 1-1.5X pedicel length from facial margin. Thorax : black ground color, with gray tomentum throughout, appearing dusty to the naked eye; scutellum ground color dark brown, distinctly lighter than scutum, under microscope bronze tomentum throughout becomes visible; scutum with four narrow dorsal vittae, one outer pair, one inner pair, both broken at suture, inner pair extending only slightly beyond first post-sutural dorsocentral seta; lateral surface of thorax densely covered in long hair-like setulae, these setulae all black; chaetotaxy: 3 strong setae on postpronotum arranged in a line, acrostichal setae 3:4; dorsocentral setae 2-3:4; intra-alar setae 3:3; supra-alar setae 2:3; 4-6 katepisternal setae; scutellum, with 4-5 pairs of long marginal setae of subequal length; apical scutellar setae short erect, inserted slightly above plane of marginal setae; 1 complete row of scutellar discal setae just posterior to marginal setae. Wing : infuscate, slightly darkened brown at wing base, basicosta mostly dark brown with only slight orange present along caudal margin; both upper and lower calypters also infuscate concolorous with remainder of wing; wing vein R4+5 setose, bearing only 2-3 setulae at base; halteres orange. Legs : black overall, lightly covered in shimmering bronze tomentum, posterior margin of coxa on midleg and hindleg covered in yellow setulae; tarsal claws yellow-orange with black tips, with burnt umber pulvilli shorter than length of tarsal claws; anterodorsal row of setae on hind tibia irregular and not fringelike, with several longer stronger setae at least 2X as long as others. Abdomen : large and flattened globose, black to dark burgundy ground color; tomentum absent from T1+2-T3 with only very slight gold tomentum along anterior 10% of margin of T4, bisected medially by an area devoid of tomentum, brilliant gold tomentose throughout 95% of T5 reaching with black on hind margin of tergite; ventral surfaces of T3-T5 hirsute but sex-patches present, with light gold tomentum throughout; middorsal depression on ST1+2 reaching to hind margin of tergite; ST1+2 with 1 pair of median marginal setae, 1 pair of median marginal setae present on T3, and complete rows of setae on T4 and T5. Male terminalia (Fig. 91 ): sternite 5 with a deeply excavated median cleft along posterior edge, roughly Y-shaped, with soft shoulders, margins covered in dense tomentum; posterior lobes rounded apically, with a group of strong erect setulae surrounded by many shorter weaker setulae. Anterior plate of sternite 5 approximately 1/2 length of posterior lobes; unsclerotized "window" on anterior plate of sternite 5 translucent, rectangular. Cerci in posterior view elongate triangular, equal to length of surstyli; pointed at apex, medially to fused along 2/3 of their length. Cerci in lateral view, inflated along basal 2/3rds, sharply tapered with anterior curved at apical 1/3, giving it a shallow hooked appearance; cerci setose along basal 2/3rds, underside of cerci setose along basal 1/2 of length. Surstylus in lateral view, equilateral along its length rounded apically, digitiform; surstylus appearing to be fused with epandrium; when viewed posteriorly surstyli straight. Pregonite broad, well-developed, apically squared off, and blunt, devoid of setulae. Postgonite, slightly narrowed, 1/2 as wide as pregonite, sharply pointed and curved at apex, bladelike, postgonite subequal in length to pregonite. Distiphallus broadly cone-shaped, with a slender median longitudinal sclerotized reinforcement on its posterior surface and a broad, anterolateral, sclerotized acrophallus, bearing a slight anterior hook on anterior surface near apex, 1.2X length of basiphallus. Female (Fig. 92 ) length: 13-16mm, overall morphology as in male differing in the following traits: Head : bearing 1-2 rows of frontal setae and 2-4 pairs of proclinate orbital setae in addition to single pair of reclinate orbital seta; gena 1/3 head height, 2/5 eye height. Abdomen : gold tomentum on anterior margin of T4 extending to 20% of surface of tergite; abdomen slightly more globose than males. Diagnosis Belvosia robertoespinozai sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Belvosia by the following combination of traits: dark setulae on gena, black basicosta, lacking 4-6 setulae in front of postocular row, postpedicel 1.5X length of pedicel, and tergite 5 black apically. Differs from B. duniagarciae by the lack of setulae on postocular margin, and the length of the pedicel. Etymology Belvosia robertoespinozai sp. n , is named in honor of Sr. Roberto Espinoza in recognition of his decades of being part of the Parataxonomist Program of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (http://www.acguanacaste.ac.cr) in northwestern Costa Rica ( Janzen and Hallwachs 2011 ). Interim species-specific name included in previously circulating databases and publications, Belvosia Woodley18. Distribution Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 280-550m elevation. Ecology Belvosia robertoespinozai sp. n. has been reared nine times from two species of Lepidoptera in the family Sphingidae , Xylophanes jocasta Druce, 1888 (N=2), and Xylophanes tyndarus (Boisduval, 1875) (N=7) in rain forest, dry forest, and dry-rain lowland intergrade.