Description of five new species in the genus Phlyctinus Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): a first step in deciphering the P. callosus complex Author Haran, Julien M. A04E1722-994A-44AD-8FD2-28DC0F220805 CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France. & Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. julien.haran@cirad.fr Author Hansen, Steffan 52F0FC34-03F6-4F04-A1AA-FE7607B0EFBC Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. shansen.rsa@gmail.com Author Benoit, Laure 61963F74-724B-4174-9E9A-8817A3516B0E CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France. laure.benoit@cirad.fr Author Addison, Pia A84CE8F2-E423-4ABF-815C-35169E6E42E5 Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. pia@sun.ac.za text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-06-18 669 669 1 29 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2020.669 47b43e12-37bc-4b2c-b654-0e668351cc97 2118-9773 3900298 06FEC792-67DE-46F1-A5D3-4B0F17AF3B73 Key to species of Phlyctinus 1. Ventrites 1 and 5 of male with erect golden setae forming two circular tufts ( Fig. 3B ); cavity of ventrite 5 extending over apical ⁴⁄5 of length, ventrites 2–4 with elongate tubercles at base of scales; external margin of eyes round, surface slightly conical in dorsal view ( Fig. 1B ). On Asteraceae in coastal habitats .............................................................................. Phlyctinus grootbosensis sp. nov. – Ventrites 1 and 5 of male with setae more or less erect but not forming dense tufts ( Fig. 3A, C ), cavity of ventrite 5 extending only over apical ⅔ of length, integument of ventrites 2–4 smooth, lacking elongate tubercles at base of scales; external margin of eyes rounded, surface slightly conical or strongly conical in dorsal view ( Fig. 1A, E ) ................................................................................ 2 2. Cavity of ventrite 5 of male with erect setae along whole length of median area ( Fig. 3C ); body length> 7 mm ; elytra of female with large tubercles and usually a contrasting transverse pale band on declivity ( Fig. 1C ); scales on prothorax dense, concealing integument, leaving only tubercles at base of setae and median carina visible; body of penis short, 0.5 × as long as apodemes; endophallus with a sclerotised plate forming a square angle below base of body of penis ( Fig. 2C ). Polyphagous, in inland valleys of Worcester region ................................................ Phlyctinus xerophilus sp. nov. – Cavity of ventrite 5 of male lacking erect setae in middle, or only present in basal half ( Fig. 3A, D ); body length < 7 mm ; elytra of female with no or only small tubercles and transverse, pale, contrasting or indistinct band on declivity ( Fig. 1A , D–F); scales on prothorax usually scattered, not concealing integument between tubercles and punctures; body of penis longer, more than 0.6× as long as apodemes; endophallus lacking sclerotised plate ( Fig. 2A , D–F) ........................................ 3 3. Scales on elytra always consisting of a mixture of wide and very narrow, hair-like ones ( Fig. 3E ); elytral declivity always with small but distinct tubercles on interstriae 3–5–7; eyes strongly protruding, surface conical in dorsal view ( Fig. 1A ); prothorax with 2 slight cuticular depressions on each side of median line; in female, transverse band of elytra generally extending over all interstriae. Polyphagous, widespread across the Western Cape province and introduced overseas ..................... .............................................................................................. Phlyctinus callosus ( Schoenherr, 1826 ) – Scales of elytra only elliptical in 95% of specimens ( Fig. 3F ); elytra with tubercles on declivity absent or very reduced on interstriae 3–5–7; eyes very protruding, with a conical surface, or not, in dorsal view ( Fig. 1 D–F); prothorax regularly convex, without cuticular depression; in female transverse band of elytra generally reduced to interstriae 1–3 ( Fig. 1D, F ) or lacking ( Fig. 1E ). Coastal habitats of the Kogelberg Nature Reserve ........................................................................... 4 4. Body integument covered with homogeneous greyish scales, a few paler spots scattered on elytra ( Fig. 1E ); eye margin round in dorsal view, or angled ( Fig. 1E ); body of penis widest near base, sides almost straight, converging apicad ( Fig. 2E ) ......................................... Phlyctinus littoralis sp. nov. – Body integument covered with brown, black or pearly green scales forming more or less contrasting patterns ( Fig. 1D, F ); eyes protruding, surface distinctly conical in dorsal view ( Fig. 1D, F ); body of penis with sides convex, widest near basal ½ or near middle of length ( Fig. 2D, F ) ....................... 5 5. Integument of prothorax with a smooth, shiny and very distinct carina in middle of length; vestiture of elytra forming a few ill-defined paler spots in addition to transverse band, this not always visible ( Fig. 1F ); erect scales on ventrites 1–4 shorter than claws; copulatory sclerite with setae at base of left arm ( Fig. 2F ) .................................................................................. Phlyctinus aloevorus sp. nov. – Integument of prothorax densely punctate, lacking longitudinal carina; vestiture of elytra with contrasting scattered pale spots in addition to transverse band ( Fig. 1D ); erect scales on ventrites 1–4 longer than claws; copulatory sclerite lacking setae at base of left arm ( Fig. 2D ) ...................... .......................................................................................................... Phlyctinus planithorax sp. nov.