Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies Author Albert, James S. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-08 4318 3 401 438 journal article 32158 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.3.1 8d4c68da-48ac-44d9-982b-bb2a13ed886c 1175-5326 887692 2848Cac4-F301-4A47-B6Cd-366051Ad2B5E Gymnotus carapo orientalis New Subspecies Figure 3 F, Tables 3 and 4 Holotype : MZUSP 30025 237 mm , Brazil Pará , Río Tocantins , Río Itacaiuna , Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás ( 05°05’S , 050°22’W ). Paratypes : MZUSP 30025 (6), 165–235 mm , Brazil Pará , Río Tocantins , Río Itacaiuna , Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás ( 05°05’S , 050°22’W ). Non-Types : MCZ 45189 (19), 133–210 mm , Brazil Pará , Parauapebas , Ilha de Marajó , Río Tocantins , Río Arari , Cachoeira do Arari ( 01°01’S , 048°58’W ) . MZUSP 30008 (8), 173–253 mm , Brazil Pará , Río Trombetas , Río Itacaiunas , Caldeirão , Igarapé do Pojuca (approx. 00°45’S , 056°13’W ) . MZUSP 30025 (7), 165–237 mm , Brazil , Pará , Río Tocantins , Río Itacaiuna , Serra Norte , Serra dos Carajás ( 05°05’S , 050°22’W ) . Description: Specimens of G. carapo from the eastern Amazon overlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PC-space with specimens from other localities ( Figures 4 , 5 , and 12). Gymnotus carapo orientalis is characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): slender body (BD 67.9%–88.4% HL, mean 78.4% vs. 42.7%–106%, mean 85.0% in all other subspecies), slender head (HD 50.8%–60.9% HL, mean 55.2% vs. 44.0%–72.4%, mean 58.7% in all other subspecies), narrow head (HW 53.3%–64.4% HL, mean 56.3% vs. 49.1%–67.7%, mean 59.9% in all other subspecies) and short anal-fin length (AF 69.4%–86.6% TL, mean 75.9% vs. 70.9%–88.0%, mean 80.2% in all other subspecies). Distribution: Known from the eastern Amazon basin in the Brazilian Pará state of Pará , in Amazon river near Belém and Santarém, and the Tocantins and Trombetas basins ( Figure 2 B). Etymology: Subspecific epithet derived from the Latin “ orientalis ” meaning “of the East”. TABLE 5. Morphometric anđ meristic đata for the type specimens of the seven G. carapo subspecies. All other abbreviations, ratios anđ symbols as in Table 3. Designation of subspecies types following recommenđations in Dubois et al. (2011). G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo Character australis caatingaensis carapo madeirensis occidentalis orientalis septentrionalis MLP 11222 AUM 20624 UMMZ 190414 MUSM 12949 UMMZ 230734 MZUSP 30025 UF 80734 Morphom. 341 225.0 260.0 227.0 210.0 237.0 220.0 45.0 27.1 31.5 25.9 27.8 31.7 26.0 % 13.2 12.0 12.1 11.4 13.2 13.4 11.8 % 34.4 37.6 36.1 37.8 33.1 35.0 34.3 % 41.1 43.9 42.8 39.0 36.0 43.7 35.5 % 56.9 65.7 61.9 60.6 61.2 60.9 63.7 % 37.6 37.6 41.7 39.8 36.0 35.6 38.4 % 88.9 84.5 96.9 90.0 86.3 74.1 93.2 % 67.1 64.2 68.8 64.1 61.2 54.3 70.3 /BD 82.7 76.0 71.0 71.2 70.8 73.2 75.4 % 57.8 58.3 61.8 57.1 57.9 52.1 62.9 % 66.2 61.3 63.0 59.5 61.9 53.3 61.3 % 28.7 33.2 32.0 37.9 34.5 36.5 38.8 % 63.6 83.8 88.0 74.9 82.7 89.0 80.0 % 40.0 46.9 12.7 43.4 40.3 44.2 45.2 % 82.7 75.6 86.0 74.9 81.0 79.3 81.8 Meristics 23 23 21 16 21 23 21 269 220 235 220 170 220 245 R 15 16 16 13 16 13 17 10 6 6 6 7 6 7 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 36 45 40 49 46 46 53 88 76 95 92 88 75 112 10 19 24 18 20 21 23