A revision of the genus Porteria and the phylogeny and biogeography of Porteriinae (Araneae: Desidae) Author Morrill, Elizabeth Author Crews, Sarah Author Esposito, Lauren Author Ramírez, Martín J. Author Griswold, Charles text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2023 2023-05-04 198 2 368 461 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac093 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac093 0024-4082 8007404 76B9F689-4B90-433C-9837-92E49F1DDE80 PORTERIA CORRECAMINOS SP . NOV . FIGS 7 , 16A, B, D, F , 17 A-C, 60–64 Zoobank registration : urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 2F980E92-45F0-4E0E-8BB8-6FBC9B55F24E . Types: Holotype male, 13 paratype males and 12 paratype females from Chile , X Región de los Lagos , Llanquihue Province , Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park , January 2–28, 1997 , ( FMHD97-8 ), deposited in FMHD. Etymology: Correcaminos is Spanish for road runner, this species is so named because it is lightning fast on their webs and can be frustrating to collect. A noun in apposition. Diagnosis: Males of this species can be identified by the anvil-shaped DTA (in lateral view, Figs 61A, D , 62C , 63C ) and swollen RTA with a large tooth-like projection ( Figs 61E , 62C, D , 63D ). This species can be distinguished from P. contulmo by the length of the DTA’s pointed apex ( Figs 62D , 63D ), longer and more attenuate in P. contulmo ( Figs 67D , 68F ); RTA appears closer to 90° from tibia in P. correcaminos ( Figs 61B, E , 62C ). Female with large epigyne ( Figs 61F , 64A, C ), atrium with an ‘M’-shaped margin like P. bunnyana ( Fig. 48A ) but with large, fleshy bulge protruded from atrium just posterior to scape ( Fig. 64C ); scape much smaller than in P. bunnyana and finger like ( Fig. 64C ). Large, fleshy posterior shelf extended into the atrium and out laterally, forming two elongated lobes that curve to meet the lateral margins of the atrium, forming a deep groove ( Figs 61F , 64D, F ); this deep fold is absent in P. bunnyana ( Fig. 48B ) and P. ariasbohartae ( Fig. 71G, H ). Description: Male: based on FMHD 97-8, from Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park. Markings as in Figure 57 A-C, faded, anterolateral lines and two pairs of median spots present though less distinct. Total length 5.83. Carapace length 1.37 times width. Clypeus height 2.43 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.71 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.29 times clypeus height. Sternum as long as wide. Femur I 1.34 times carapace length. Leg formula 1423. Cymbium length 2.64 times length of bulb. Cheliceral promargin with five teeth and one denticle. Leg spination as follows: palp: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1-0, patella d1-1, tibia d0-1-0, tarsus r0-0-1; leg I: femur d1-1-2, p0-1-0-1-0, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-0-1-0, v1(r)-2-2, metatarsus p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-1; leg II: femur d1-3-1-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-1-0-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus d0-0-1, p0-1-0-1, r0-1-0-1, v2-2-1; leg III: femur d1-2- 2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p0-1-0-1-0, r0-1- 0-1-0, v2-1-2, metatarsus d2-0-1, p0-1-0-1, r0-1-0-2, v2-2-1, tarsus r0-1; leg IV: femur d1-1-1-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-1(p)-0-1-0, p0-0-0-1-0, r0-1-0-1-0, v2-1- 2, metatarsus d1(r)-0-1(r)-1, p0-1-2, r0-1-0-1, v2-2-1, tarsus r0-1. Male palp as in Figure 61 A-E with four tibial apophyses: flattened, mound-like VTA ( Fig. 62B ); large, swollen RTA with tooth-like projection appearing differentiated from base on anterior surface of RTA, directed apicad ( Figs 61E , 62d , 63D ); DTA appearing anvil shaped in lateral views ( Fig. 61A ), dorsal view shows the short, pointed apex directed toward retrolateral side, rounded knob-like base, overall looking like an arrowhead ( Figs 62D , 63D ); LRTA bent, projected out of frontal plane in ventral view( Figs 62C , 63B ); conductor twisted, curved more towards middle of bulb than the straighter conductors of P. faberi and P. alopobre . Embolus base large, rectangular in ventral view ( Fig. 62 ), shield like, shallow notch present on anterior margin, wider than embolic base of P. bunnyana , transverse ridge on middle of base where embolus tip starts to differentiate; embolus tip like that in P. faberi and P. alopobre . Paracymbium present on retroapical aspect of bulb, knob like ( Figs 62C , 63B ). Figure 58. Left male palp of P. alopobre sp. nov. holotype from Osorno, CASENT9044647. A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Leg measurements (left): leg I 14.44 (3.82, 4.69, 3.66, 2.28); leg II 12.06 (3.35, 3.89, 3.08, 1.74); leg III 11.19 (3.15, 3.28, 3.15, 1.61); leg IV 14.2 (3.69, 4.22, 4.36, 1.94); palp 6.83 (2.48, 1.88, –, 2.48). Figure 59. Left male palp of P. alopobre sp. nov. AMNH holotype from hills south of Maicolpue, Osorno, CASENT9044647. A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, dorsal view. Illustration by Rachel Diaz-Bastin. Variation: ( N = 4). Total length 5.36–6.03. Carapace length 1.22–1.29 times width. Clypeus height 2.14–2.71 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.42–1.67 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 3.95–6 times clypeus height. Sternum length 0.96–1.08 times width. Femur I 1.37–1.51 times carapace length. Cymbium length 2.58–3.08 times length of bulb. Cheliceral promargin with five teeth and zero to two denticles. Extent of the dorsolateral white markings on the abdomen varies ( Fig. 60A , C-E). Description: Female : based on CASENT9053925, from Lago Chapo. Markings as in Figure 60 F-H; dorsum of abdomen with bright white anterolateral lines and one pair of faint median spots. Total length 6.57. Carapace length 2.9 times width. Clypeus height 2.5 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.83 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.2 times clypeus height. Sternum length 1.45, width 1.35. Femur I 1.03 times carapace length. Leg formula 4123. Cheliceral promargin with four teeth. Leg spination as follows: palp: femur d1-1-3, patella d1-1, tibia d1-1, p1-0, tarsus d2-0, p0-1, r1-1, v2-2-1; leg I: femur d1-1(r)- 2-1(r)-1(p)-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-0-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-1; leg II: femur d1-3-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-1-1-0, v2-2- 2, metatarsus p0-0-2, r0-1-1, v2-2-1; leg III: femur d1-3-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p0-0-1-0, r0-0-1-0, v2-1(r)-2, tarsus v0-2; leg IV: femur d1-1- 1(r)-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1- 1-0, v2-1(p)-2, metatarsus d2-0-2, p0-1-0, r0-1-1-1, v2-2-1, tarsus r0-1, v0-1-2. Epigyne as in Figures 61F and 64 A-C, hairy, with large ‘M’-shaped cavity with small mound on anterior margin to which attaches the small finger-like scape, posterior to this is a large fleshy bulge protruding out from rear of cavity ( Fig. 64C ). Lateral margins of opening with ridges and folds. Posterior margin formed by shelf-like structure consisting of two fleshy lobes that curve outward to meet the lateral margins, forming a deep grove at the intersection; two lobes form shelf medially and recede into cavity. Vulva with atrium ventral wall (AVW) with series of ‘M’-shaped ridges ( Fig. 64D, F ); these ridges divided on median line as they recede ventrally to form the fleshy bulge seen ventrally. Copulatory ducts ( Fig. 64E ) of medium length, forming an ‘S’ shape following the outside margin of the spermatheca bases anteriorly to meet with the stalk just posterior to head of spermatheca. Spermatheca in total oval in shape. Head ( Fig. 64G ) well differentiated from stalk with numerous pores; stalk also with numerous pores. Bennett’s gland pores large and obvious in dorsal view ( Fig. 64E, I ); fertilization duct may partially obscure this in SEM. Spermatheca and component parts similar to P. contulmo , aside from more obvious Bennett’s gland pore, but right and left spermathecae are much farther apart in P. correcaminos . Base 1s do not converge. Leg measurements (right): leg I 11.05 (3.00, 3.80, 2.50, 1.75); leg II 9.25 (2.60, 3.05, 2.25, 1.35); leg III 8.90 (2.50, 2.70, 2.45, 1.25); leg IV 11.95 (3.25, 3.70, 3.40, 1.60); palp 4.15 (1.30, 1.45, –, 1.40). Figure 60. Habitus of P. correcaminos sp. nov. A-C, male from Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park, FMHD97-8. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D-E, male, CASENT9021324. D, lateral view. E, dorsal view. F-H, female from Lago Chapo, CASENT9053925. F, dorsal view. G, ventral view. H, lateral view. Figure 61. Genitalia of P. correcaminos sp. nov. A-E, left palp, male from Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park, FMHD 97-8. A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, detail, prolateral view. E, detail, dorsal view. F, G, female from Lago Chapo, CASENT9053925. F, ventral view. G, dorsal view showing internal structures. Variation: ( N = 4). Total length 5.16–7.1. Carapace length 1.34–1.48 times width. Clypeus height 2.17–2.5 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.67-1.83 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.2–5.83 times clypeus height. Sternum length 1.25–1.5 times width. Femur I 1.03–1.11 times carapace length. Cheliceral promargin with four to five teeth and zero to two denticles. Scape varies in width and length between specimens:this can be short and blunted or long and slender ( Figs 61F , 64A,C ). Figure 62. Left male palp of P. correcaminos sp. nov. from Lago Chapo, 34 km east of Puerto Montt, CASENT9044644. A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, dorsal view. Illustration by Rachel Diaz-Bastin. Distribution: Llanquihue and Osorno Provinces including Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park and Puyehue National Park, extending north to Volcán Villarrica National Park. Found as far east as Frutillar ( Fig. 76F ). Other material examined: IX Región de la Araucanía : Cautin Province , Bellavista , N shore Lago Villarrica , S39º12’ , W72º08’ , 240 m elev., November 20, 1993 , Platnick , Catley , Ramírez , Allen , one female , AMNH ( CASENT9044695 ) , 12.3 km N of Loncoche , November 10, 1966 , E.I. Schlinger , three females , CAS ( CASENT9020916 ) , 10 km S of Pucón , Volcán Villarrica National Park , elev. 900 m , December 15, 1984 - February 10, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , ‘ Nothofagus grove on ash’, 23 males , AMNH ( CASENT9044663 , 9044664 ) , Volcán Villarrica , December 26, 1996 - February 3, 1997 , nine males , FMHD ( FMHD96-237 ) , 15 km NE Villarrica , Flor del Lago , elev. 300 m , December 15, 1984 - February 10, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , ‘ Nothofagus forest’, four males , AMNH ( CASENT9044668 , 9044674 ) ; Malleco Province , Contulmo Natural Monument ( NM ), S38 º78’, W73º11.257’, elev. 360 m , February 10–11, 2005 , M. Ramírez and F. Labarque , one female , MACN ( CASENT9025766 ) ; X Región de los Lagos : Osorno Province , Puyehue National Park , Aguas Calientes , elev. 440 m , December 5–7, 1988 , V. and B. Roth , one female , CAS ( CASENT9021036 ) , Aguas Calientes , December 13–17, 1998 , M. Ramírez , L. Compagnucci , C. Grismado , L. Lopardo , one female , MACN (MACN-Ar 21082), near Termas Aguas Calientes , 26.2 km E Entre Lagos , S40º44.130’ , W72º18.42’ , elev. 460 m , November 29–30, 2009 , H. Wood , L. Almeida , C. Griswold , ‘general collecting day and night in native forest’, one male , CAS ( CASENT9035455 ) , Aguas Calientes , Derrumbes Forest Trail, December 20, 1984 - February 8, 1985 , and J. Peck , three males , AMNH ( CASENT9044673 ) , Aguas Calientes , elev. 600 m , December 18, 1984 - February 8, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , ‘malaise, Nothofagus forest’, one male , AMNH ( CASENT9044670 ) , Anticura near Puyehue , January 1–11, 1986 , L.E. Peña , two males , AMNH ( CASENT9044665 ) , 4.1 km W Anticura , elev. 270 m , December 19–25, 1982 , A. Newton and M. Thayer , ‘ Valdivian rainforest, window trap’, one male , AMNH ( CASENT9044686 ) ; Llanquihue Province , Salto Petrohue , Vicente Pérez Rosales N.P , elev. 150 m , December 23, 1984 - February 4, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , ‘ Mixed moist forest, FIT’, eight males , four females , AMNH ( CASENT9044666 , 9044678 ) , Saltos de Petrohué , 47.7 km ENE Puerto Varas , S41º10.443’ , W72º26.907’ , elev. 133 m , January 19, 2013 , E. Morrill and D. Faber , ‘general collecting in native forest’, one female , CAS ( CASENT9055694 ) , Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park , January 2–28, 1997 , 14 males , 12 females FMHD ( FMHD97-8 ) , Lago Chapo , 34 km E Puerto Montt , elev. 300 m , December 24, 1984 - February 2, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , 2nd growth Nothofagus , flight intercept trap ( FIT ) ,, six males , AMNH ( CASENT9044644 , 9044680 ) , SE end of Lago Chapo , January 4–26, 1997 , one male , FMHD ( FMHD97-14 ) ; Lago Chapo , 43 km E Puerto Montt , S41º30.818’ , W72º25.249’ , elev. 260 m , January 18, 2013 , E. Morrill , D. Faber and C. Griswold , ‘general collecting in native forest on steep slope’, 12 females , CAS ( CASENT9053812 , 9053857 ) , Fruitillar , Bajo Univ. Chile Forest Res. , elev. 100 m , December 22, 1984 - February 2, 1985 , S. and J. Peck , ‘ravine mixed forest, FIT’, 14 males , AMNH ( CASENT9044669 , 9044682 ) , road to Volcán Osorno at km 10 marker, December 12, 1988 , V. and B. Roth , one female , CAS ( CASENT9020917 ) , Volcán Osorno , 42.5 km ENE Puerto Varas , S41º10.083’ , W72º30.897’ , elev. 349 m , January 17, 2013 , E. Morrill , ‘native forest, general collecting’, six females , CAS ( CASENT9053250 , 9053857 , 9055684 ) , Volcán Osorno , 42.5 km ENE Puerto Varas , S41º10.083’ , W72º30.897’ , elev. 349 m , January 19, 2013 , E. Morrill and D. Faber , ‘native forest, general collecting at night’, nine females , CAS ( CASENT9055582 ) , Calbuco , December 27, 1962 , McMillin and Archer , one female , AMNH ( CASENT9044697 ) ; Llanquihue , one female , FMNH, ( FMNH987 ) . XIV Región de los Ríos : Valdivia Province , Panguipulli , 18–20 km NE Neltume , road to Villarrica , November 25, 1988 , V. and B. Roth , one male , six females , CAS ( CASENT9021297 , 9021323 ; imaged by Fernando Alvarez Padilla and Christopher Vo ) ; Panguipulli, E side of Volcán Coshuenco from Neltume , November 23, 1988 , V. and B. Roth , one male , one female , CAS ( CASENT9021324 , imaged by Fernando Alvarez Padilla , Christopher Vo and Charles Griswold ) ; Salto Huilo near Neltume , November 26, 1988 , V. and B. Roth , ‘dense Nothofagus forest’, one female , CAS ( CASENT9020915 ) ; Reserva Costera Valdiviana , 15 km WSW Corral , S39º58.173’ , W73º34.225’ , elev. 15 m , January 23, 2013 , E. Morrill and D. Faber , ‘general collecting at night in native forest’, five females , CAS ( CASENT9055709 ) . Figure 63. Scanning electron micrographs of left male palp of P. correcaminos sp. nov. from Fruitillar, CASENT9044682. A, ventral view. B, retrolateral view. C, prolateral view. D, dorsal view close-up. Figure 64. Scanning electron micrographs of epigynum and vulva of P. correcaminos sp. nov. from Panguipulli, CASENT9021323, except C, from Volcán Osorno, CASENT9055582. A, ventral view, arrow to posterior invagination. B, posterior view, arrow to posterior invagination. C, ventral view, without hairs, note divided atrium. D, dorsal view, note divided wall of atrium. E, dorsolateral view. F, anterodorsal view. G, close-up of pores on stalk and head of spermatheca. H, epigynal glands. I, Bennett’s gland. Abbreviations: AVW, atrium ventral wall; BG, Bennet’s gland; BS1, basal receptacle 1; BS2, basal receptacle 2; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; HS, spermathecal head; Sc, scape; SS, spermathecal stalk. Notes: Males of this species were not collected with females on the 2013 trip, likely due to a lack of night collecting at the targeted localities. Females have been collected with males though other species occur in sympatry. However, DNA analysis supports this male-female association (‘ correcaminos ’ in Fig. 73 ).