Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea Author Podenas, Sigitas Author Byun, Hye-Woo Author Kim, Sam-Kyu text Zootaxa 2016 4136 3 515 536 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5 f3d9a4bd-1f6f-4683-b96b-6e6034f57f29 1175-5326 265259 31FD4250-1B07-447D-8A29-9190B6F6888E Rhipidia ( Rhipidia ) longa Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014 ( Figs. 1, 2 , 6, 10, 11, 17) Rhipidia ( Rhipidia ) longa Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014 : 218 –221. Description. Body brown, dusted with bluish gray. Body length of male 4.45–6.55 mm , of female 5.40–8.10 mm . Wing length of male 5.55–7.10 mm , of female 6.20–9.80 mm . Head dark brown to black, dusted with gray, narrowly gray at eye margin, covered with sparse medium-long semi-erect brownish setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally, reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae 1.50–2.10 mm , reaching to about middle of prescutum when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.25–1.55 mm long, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum when bent backwards. Male antenna ( Fig. 1 ) bipectinate. Scape nearly cylindrical, brown, slightly dusted with gray and bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel same color as scape, short, pear-shaped. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere brown, with short single lobe and distinct pale apical pedicel. Flagellomeres two to nine with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal half pale, branches brown, longest 1.7 times as long as flagellomere itself. Tenth flagellomere with one short branch, brown with whitish base. Eleventh flagellomere short, widened distally. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, nearly twice as long as preceding segment. Longest verticils slightly longer than corresponding flagellomeres. Short, erect, whitish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres, nearly missing on flagellomeres themselves. Female antenna ( Fig. 2 ) serrate, brownish with distinct pale apical pedicels. Rostrum dark brown, covered with sparse grayish pubescence. Palpus and labellum dark brown to black, covered with brown erect setae. Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum light brown dorsally, dark brown laterally, slightly dusted with gray. Prescutum light brown, densely dusted with gray, with wide dark brown median stripe. Lateral stripes indistinct, slightly darker than background. Pseudosutural fovea not distinctly lighter than surrounding area. Scutal lobe brown, covered with gray pubescence. Area between lobes gray. Scutellum densely covered with gray pubescence, brown background visible posteriorly. Mediotergite gray with narrow median line and irregular brownish spots fronto-laterally. Pleuron brown, densely dusted with gray, with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe, that extends from head to base of abdomen. Second indistinct line extends through frontal coxa and ventral part of katepisternum. Katepisternum covered with sparse long yellowish setae. Wing (Fig. 6) grayish, with four small brown spots on frontal margin, first at wing base, second surrounding additional cross-vein in cell sc , third covering tips of Sc1 and Sc2 , fourth at distal end of R1 and R2 ; dark grayish suture at cord and lots of small grayish spots distributed in all cells and along longitudinal veins. Wing patterning varies from very dark with most small spots coalescent, to very light with small spots hardly visible. Veins brownish yellow with darkening in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 reaching between one-third to middle of Rs length. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1 . Additional cross-vein present at middle of cell sc . R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1 . Rs long, slightly arched at base. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 distinctly before branching point of M . First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein arched before wing margin. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.70–0.80 mm , of female 0.75–0.90 mm long. Stem of halter pale, base brownish yellow, knob slightly darkened, brownish yellow. Coxae brown, dusted with gray. Frontal coxa pale yellow distally with indistinct darkening at middle. Trochanter pale yellow with dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with yellowish setae. Femur brownish yellow with pale base and darkened distal end. Tibia brownish, distal end slightly darkened. Tarsus brownish at base, turning dark brown distally. Leg covered with short, adjacent brown setae. Male femur I: 4.2–4.9 mm , II: 4.4–5.7 mm , III: 4.1–6.1 mm , tibiae I: 5.0– 5.6 mm , II: 4.5–5.6 mm , III: 4.7–6.3 mm , tarsus I: 5.9–6.7 mm , II: 4.3–5.4 mm , III: 4.5–5.6 mm long. Female femur I: 4.1–5.6 mm long, II: 4.1–6.2 mm , III: 4.6–6.3 mm , tibiae I: 4.2–6.2 mm , II: 4.2–5.9 mm , III: 4.2–6.9 mm , tarsus I: 5.1–6.4 mm , II: 4.1–5.7 mm , III: 4.1–5.7 mm . Claw with subbasal spine, light brown basally, turning dark brown distally. Abdominal tergites semi-polished, dark brown to black, slightly dusted with gray. Sternites lighter than tergites. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect whitish setae. Male genitalia ( Figs. 10, 11 ) brownish yellow, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle. Gonocoxite slightly elongate, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, point-apexed, arched at distal end and reaching middle or slightly beyond middle of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with long, narrow rostral prolongation usually armed at middle with four, sometimes with three to five long subapical setae. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines long, narrow. Fleshy, rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed blackish distal part. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally, extending beyond tips of parameres. Ninth sternite simple. Ovipositor ( Fig. 17 ) brownish gray at base, distal part of cercus and hypovalva grayish yellow. Cercus long, narrow, slightly arched upwards, tip rounded. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, turning narrower distally, reaching to about four fifths of cercus. Variation. Two females, collected on August 8, 1940 show some atypical wing venation. One female has elongate, Limonia -like R1 and basal deflection of CuA1 at branching point of M on both wings. Another female has short, usual R1 , but basal deflection of CuA1 of left wing is at branching point of M , that of right wing is slightly before branching point of M . Elongate R1 is unusual for all Rhipidia and most species have CuA1 distinctly before branching point of M , only R . septentrionis has basal deflection of CuA1 slightly beyond branching point of M . Elevation range in Korea . Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly less than 100 m to 800 m . Period of activity. Adults are flying from middle of May through end of August in Korea . Habitat. Adults were collected in forested areas close to small and medium-sized mountainous streams. FIGURES 1–5. Antennae of Rhipidia ( Rhipidia ) . 1: R . ( R .) longa , male; 2: R . ( R .) longa , female; 3: R . ( R .) maculata , male; 4: R . ( R .) sejuga , male; 5: R . ( R .) septentrionis , male. FIGURES 6–9. Wings of Rhipidia ( Rhipidia ) . 6: R . ( R .) longa ; 7: R . ( R .) maculata ; 8: R . ( R .) sejuga ; 9: R . ( R .) septentrionis . Abbreviations: arc, arculus; d, discal cell; h, humerus. General distribution. Species was previously known only from China . Specimens examined ( Fig. 27 ): 1 male (pinned), Corea , Seren Mts., 5–6000‘, X.9, 1937 , Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea , Chonsani, 4500 ft ., VI–29–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), N. Korea , Pontani Paiktusan, 6300 ft ., VIII–8–1940 , coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea , Prov. Kangwon, Mt. Kum-gang san, 9–28.VIII.1971 , leg. J. Papp, Horvatovich (HNHM); 3 males , 4 females (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Yongsan-ri, Mt. Balwangsan, N37.4513889 , E128.868333 , 2008.07.19, J. D. Yeo, M. J. Jeon & K. G. Kim, malaise trap (NIBR); 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daehwa-myeon, Haanmi-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4502778 , E128.503056 , 2009.05.13–06.03, W. Y. Choi et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 2 males , 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778 , E128.545278 , 2009.06.04–17, J. D. Yeo & J. D., malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daehwa-myeon, Haanmi-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4502778 , E128.503056 , 2009.06.17–07.04, W. Y. Choi, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778 , E128.545278 , 2009.06.17–07.04, W. Y. Choi, malaise trap (NIBR); 7 males , 5 females (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778 , E128.545278 , 2009.07.05–09.02, W.Y. Choi et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Imgye-myeon, Dojeon-ri, N37.5358333 , E128.902778 , alt. 761.8 m , 2011.05.24–06.23, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Injegun, Sangnam-myeon, Misan-ri, 2011.05.30–06.26, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Donghae-si, Igi-dong, N37.4877778 , E129.0116667 , alt. 88.8 m , 2011.08.04–09.07, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male , 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbumyeon, Tapdong-ri, Odaesan NP, St. 1, N37.71822 , E128.54175 , alt. 800 m , 2013.04.30–05.27, Park S.-J., Oh S.- B., malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Jeollanam-do, Gurye, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, N35.26580 , E127.58128 , alt. 378 m , 2013.05.11 (6), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 2 males , 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Yuljeon-ri, N37.73849 , E128.34566 , alt. 798 m , 2014.08.21 (1), S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Nodongri, N37.67212 , E128.46118 , alt. 733 m , 2014.08.21 (3), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Nodong-ri, N37.70303 , E128.48302 , alt. 802 m , 2014.08.21 (4), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR); 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, Dongsan-myeon, Bongmyeong-ri, KNU experimental forest, N37.77906 , E128.81564 , alt. 233 m , 2014.08.22 (1), S. Kim and S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, (Moss valley), N37.47153 , E128.54305 , alt. 769 m , 2014.08.22 (2), S. Kim and S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), 4 females (pinned), S. Korea , Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, Jirisan NP, Piagol valley, N35.26590 , E127.58096 , alt. 446 m , 2014.08.24, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (pinned), S. Korea , Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, Jirisan NP, Piagol valley, N35.26590 , E127.58096 , alt. 446 m , 2014.08.25, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Tojimyeon, Naeseo-ri, Piagol valley, N35.26590 , E127.58096 , alt. 446 m , 2015.07.0 3 (2), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea , Gangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myeon, Osaek-ri, Seoraksan NP, N38.08420 , E128.45026 , alt. 415 m , 2015.07.0 7 (2), coll. S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR).