First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from La Paz Bay, southern Gulf of California (Mexico)
Author
Barragán, Yamaly
Author
Sánchez, Carlos
Author
Rodríguez, Estefanía
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-02-21
4559
3
501
549
journal article
27440
10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.4
73a6e2e6-fbe3-4f6f-b946-0636fe6fa234
1175-5326
2627177
D3C170C0-D928-4564-8BD9-447D84E141A0
Calliactis polypus
(
Forsskål, 1775
)
(
FIgS. 2
,
24–26
,
TAble 10
)
Priapus
polypus
Forsskål, 1775
Actinia polypus:
de
Blainville 1834
Cribrina Polypus
[sic]:
Ehrenberg 1834
Actinia decorata
Couthouy
in
Dana, 1846
Adamsia decorata:
Milne-Edwards 1857
Adamsia priapus:
Milne-Edwards 1857
Cereus sinenesis
Verrill, 1869
Calliactis decorata
Drayton
:
Verrill 1869
Calliactis polypus:
Hertwig 1882
No
Calliactis polypus:
Dawson 1966
Calliactis decorata
Andres, 1883
No
Adamsia rondeletti
Andres, 1883
Adamsia miriam
Haddon & Shackleton, 1893
Calliactis Miriam
[sic]
Haddon & Shackleton, 1893
:
Haddon 1898
Pro parte
Calliactis armillatas
Verrill, 1928
Calliactis sinensis
(
Verrill, 1869
)
:
Verrill 1928
Calliactis marmorata
Studer, 1879
Calliactis valdiviae
Carlgren, 1938
Calliactis variegata
Verrill, 1869
:
Carlgren 1949
Material eXamined.
(See
TAble 2
).
Description.
EXTeRNAl ANATOmY (
FIg. 24
): Well deVelOped pedAl dISC, TO
51 mm
dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS, WIdeR ThAN COlUmN. COlUmN CYlINdRICAl, CORRUgATe, TO
26 mm
heIghT ANd TO
34 mm
dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. COlUmN dIVISIble INTO SCApUS ANd SCApUlUS; SCApUlUS delICATe. ONe OR TWO TRANSVeRSAl ROWS Of CONSpICUOUS CINClIdeS, ON pApIllAe IN pROXImAl pART Of SCApUS. FUllY eXpANded ORAl dISC ANd TeNTACleS TO
45 mm
dIAmeTeR, ORAl dISC TO
38 mm
dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. Up TO 300 TeNTACleS, heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN SeVeN CYCleS, TO TWO mm leNgTh IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS; SImple, ShORT, STICkY, SmOOTh, All Of SImIlAR leNgTh. MeSeNTeRIAl INSeRTIONS VISIble IN pedAl dISC, pROXImAl COlUmN ANd ORAl dISC.
INTeRNAl ANATOmY ANd mICROANATOmY (
FIg. 25
): MeSeNTeRIeS heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN fIVe CYCleS: fIRST peRfeCT ANd STeRIle, OTheRS ImpeRfeCT ANd feRTIle. GONOChORIC, OOCYTeS 0.07–0.08 ANd SpeRmATIC CYSTS
0.09–0.10 mm
IN dIAmeTeR IN SpeCImeNS COlleCTed IN AUgUST. MORe meSeNTeRIeS dISTAllY ThAN pROXImAllY (bASed ON NUmbeR Of TeNTACleS). ACONTIA WITh ONlY bASITRIChS. TWO SIphONOglYphS ATTAChed TO TWO pAIR Of dIReCTIVe meSeNTeRIeS. ReTRACTOR mUSCleS WeAk ANd dIffUSe, OCCUpYINg OVeR hAlf-leNgTh Of meSeNTeRIeS. PARIeTObASIlAR mUSCleS pOORlY deVelOped, WeAk. BASIlAR mUSCleS Well deVelOped, WITh VeRY ShORT ANd ThICk meSOgleAl pROCeSSeS. MARgINAl SphINCTeR mUSCle meSOgleAl. LONgITUdINAl mUSCleS Of TeNTACleS eCTOdeRmAl.
COlOR (
FIg. 24
): IN lIVINg SpeCImeNS, pedAl dISC lIghT gReeN ANd beIge. COlUmN OlIVe gReeN, beIge, dARk bROWN ANd ROSe. CINClIdeS beIge. ACONTIA flUOReSCeNT pINk. ORAl dISC TRANSlUCeNT bROWN WITh WhITe RAdIAl lINeS. MOUTh ORANge WITh A WhITe hYpOSTOme. TeNTACleS TRANSlUCeNT dARk bROWN WITh WhITe SpOTS.
FIGURE 24.
External anatomy of
Calliactis polypus
(Forsskål, 1775)
. A) Lateral view of preserved specimens. B) Detail of distal lateral view of the column showing the scapulus and scapus. C) Detail of the proximal lateral view of the column showing cinclides and acontia. D) Lateral view of the living specimens on hermit crab. Acontia (Aco), Column (Co), Cinclide (Ci), Mesenterial insertions (Mi), Scapulus (Sca), Scapus (S). A, D specimens living on hermit crab; B, C solitary specimens. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 25.
Internal anatomy of
Calliactis polypus
(Forsskål, 1775)
. A) Longitudinal section of the distal column. B) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (cycles marked by numbers). C) Longitudinal section of proximal end showing basilar muscles. D) Cross section through a tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Cross section of column showing gametogenic tissue. F) Detail of a cross section of column showing parietobasilar muscles. Basilar muscles (Ba), Ectoderm (Ec), Endoderm (En), Mesoglea (Me), Oocytes (O), Parietobasilar muscles (Pa), Retractor muscles (Re), Sphincter (Sp), Tentacle (Te). Scale bars: A–F, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 26.
Cnidae of
Calliactis polypus
(Forsskål, 1775)
. A, B, D, E, F, G, I) Basitrichs. H)
p
-mastigophore B1. C) Spirocysts.
CNIdOm (
FIg. 26
): BASITRIChS,
p
-mASTIgOphOReS B1, ANd SpIROCYSTS. See
TAble 10
fOR SIZe ANd dISTRIbUTION.
Geographic and bathymetric distribution.
Calliactis polypus
IS The mOST COSmOpOlITAN SpeCIeS WIThIN The geNUS. IT IS fOUNd IN The PACIfIC, ATlANTIC, ANd INdIAN OCeANS, MedITeRRANeAN SeA ANd Red SeA (
GUSmãO 2010
). IN The PACIfIC OCeAN IS RepORTed fROm
ECUAdOR
TO
MeXICO
. IN
MeXICO
, IT IS fOUNd IN CONCepCION BAY (
CARlgReN 1951
). IT hAS beeN RepORTed beTWeeN 0–638 meTeRS (
VeRRIll 1928
;
CARlgReN 1938
). ThIS IS The fIRST ReCORd fOR PUNTA COYOTe (NORTh 1, 2 ANd 3) IN The INTeRTIdAl ANd IN SAN RAfAelITO AT 20 meTeRS.
Remarks.
Of All 18 deSCRIbed SpeCIeS Of
Calliactis
ACCORdINg TO
DAlY & FAUTIN (2018)
,
GUSmãO (2010)
CONSIdeRed 13 SpeCIeS TO be VAlId bUT WIThOUT CONSIdeRINg ThRee SpeCIeS ThAT She dId NOT ReVISe (
C. polypores
PeI, 1996
,
C. xishaensis
PeI, 1996
ANd
C. argentacolorata
PeI, 1996
). She CONClUded ThAT TWO SpeCIeS,
C. annulata
CARlgReN, 1922
ANd
C. polypus
, ARe fOUNd IN The EASTeRN PACIfIC (IN
ChIle
ANd
PANAmA
, ReSpeCTIVelY).
GUSmãO (2010)
meNTIONed ThAT
C. polypus
IS fOUNd beTWeeN 0–81 meTeRS deep; hOWeVeR, beCAUSe
C. valdiviae
IS fOUNd Up TO 638 meTeRS deep ANd IS CONSIdeRed A SYNONYmY Of
C. polypus
, We
CONSIdeR The bAThYmeTRIC RANge Of
C. polypus
TO eXTeNd TO beTWeeN 0–638 meTeRS. The STUdIed mATeRIAl AgReeS Well WITh pReVIOUS deSCRIpTIONS Of The SpeCIeS.
CARlgReN (1951)
Re-deSCRIbed C.
variegata
(=
C. polypus
ACCORdINg TO
GUSmãO (2010))
bUT dId NOT pROVIde The
TYpeS
Of CNIdAe IN The ACTINOphARYNX; hOWeVeR, The CNIdAe AgRee Well WITh The SIZe RANge Of The bASITRIChS Of
GUSmãO (2010)
ANd The pReSeNT STUdY (
TAble 10
). We dId NOT fINd
p
-mASTIgOphOReS B1 IN The COlUmN RepORTed bY
GUSmãO (2010)
(
TAble 10
). We COUld NOT fINd The SIXTh CYCle Of meSeNTeRIeS IN The dISTAl COlUmN Of The SpeCImeNS eXAmINed; hOWeVeR, beCAUSe The NUmbeR Of meSeNTeRIeS IS RelATed TO The CYCleS Of meSeNTeRIeS (
STepheNSON 1928
), dUe TO The NUmbeR Of TeNTACleS (Up TO 300) fOUNd, TheRe hAS TO be A SIXTh CYCle dISTAllY. IN LA PAZ BAY SpeCImeNS Of
C
.
polypus
ARe fOUNd IN SYmbIOSIS WITh heRmIT CRAbS OR lIVINg SOlITARIlY, ATTAChed TO ROCkS OR empTY ShellS. The ThRee SpeCImeNS COlleCTed IN The INTeRTIdAl Of The ROCkY ShORe WeRe fOUNd STRONglY ATTAChed TO ROCkS WheReAS The OTheR SeVeN SpeCImeNS fOUNd AT 20 meTeRS WeRe lIVINg IN SYmbIOSIS ATTAChed TO ShellS hOUSINg A heRmIT CRAb. We NOTICed ThAT The INTeNSITY Of AdheSION Of SpeCImeNS IS STRONgeR IN SOlITARY ThAN IN SYmbIOTIC SpeCImeNS. WheN dISTURbed SpeCImeNS Of ThIS SpeCIeS ejeCT flUOReSCeNT pINk ACONTIA.