High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni) Author Soleglad, Michael E. Author Fet, Victor text Euscorpius 2003 2003-12-26 2003 11 1 175 http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1 journal article 10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1 1536-9307 13237351 86191695-B841-4C9D-BFF2-CBC76D1861BA Subfamily Heteroscorpioninae Kraepelin, 1905 Type Genus. Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 . Composition. This taxon is here downgraded to subfamily rank, and placed in the family Urodacidae . This monotypic subfamily includes a single genus, Heteroscorpion . Distribution. The subfamily is endemic to Madagascar . Taxonomic history . This monotypic taxon was traditionally listed as a subfamily of Scorpionidae . Lourenço (1985, 1989) suggested that its only genus Heteroscorpion belongs to Ischnuridae (now Liochelidae ). In an unpublished classification of Stockwell (1989) Heteroscorpioninae was transferred to Ischnuridae as a subfamily. Sissom (1990) listed Heteroscorpion under Ischnuridae without subfamilial division. The subfamily Heteroscorpioninae was elevated to the family level by Lourenço (1996a), and subsequently was treated as a family (Fet, 2000b; Prendini, 2000 ). Diagnosis . See Prendini (2000) for details on the diagnosis of this subfamily (as family Heteroscorpionidae ). Discussion . See discussion under family Urodacidae .