Nine new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae: Pholcidae) from South Korea Author Lee, Jun-Gi Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. Author Lee, Jun-Ho Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. Author Choi, Doo-Yeong Korea Institute of Spider and Ecology, Seoul, 08596, Korea. Author Park, Sun-Jae Climate Change and Environmental Biology Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea. Author Baek, Min-Jeong Climate Change and Environmental Biology Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea. Author Kim, Sam-Kyu Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. & Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-03-28 5432 2 179 212 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.2.3 journal article 293419 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.2.3 4b32801c-e71e-4bbc-8462-9666356a4dea 1175-5326 10898691 8B157EDE-7ADB-4AC0-8C98-66D68D8EB27B Pholcus gimsatgat Lee & Lee , sp. nov. Figs 1K–L , 2K–L , 8, 15I–M, 18 Type material. Holotype : ♂ , SOUTH KOREA : Chungcheongbuk-do : Danyang-gun , Yeongchun-myeon , Euipung-ri , near Gimsatgat Stream (37˚03'59"N, 128˚35'14"E, 621 m ), 22 Jul. 2017 , Doo-Yeong Choi leg. ( NIBR ) . Paratypes : 4♀♀ , same data as holotype (KNU-Ar 20230066–69) ; 2♂♂ , same data as holotype (KNU-Ar 20230070– 71) ; 12♂♂ 6♀♀ , same data as holotype (KNU-kise 804) . Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Gimsatgat Stream. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Males similar to Pholcus ungyo Lee & Lee , sp. nov. , having linear margin of prolateral process of procursus distally with thin projection ( Fig. 8D ) and backwardly curved pseudoappendix ( Fig. 8F ), but can be distinguished by: 1) procursus ventromedially slightly swollen, with wide ventral knee ( Fig. 8B ) (ventromedially linear, with acute ventral knee in P . ungyo sp. nov. , see Fig. 6B ); 2) prolateral process of procursus with distal margin slightly sinuated ( Fig. 8D ) (round in P . ungyo sp. nov. , see Fig. 6D ); 3) uncus lingulate ( Fig. 8F ) (ovoid in P . ungyo sp. nov. , see Fig. 6F ); 4) pseudoappendix slightly shorter than uncus ( Fig. 8F ) (longer than uncus in P . ungyo sp. nov. , see Fig. 6F ). Females similar to P . ungyo sp. nov. and Pholcus hwangjeong Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (for differences see diagnosis of P . ungyo sp. nov. above). Description. Male ( holotype ). Habitus as in Fig. 1K . Total length 5.9. Prosoma 1.7 long, 1.7 wide. Carapace round, pale yellow, with dark brown radial marks and marginal band on thoracic area. Eye area slightly elevated, posteriorly with dark brown marks laterally and medially. Diameter of AME 110 µm, ALE 157 µm, PME 148 µm, PLE 152 µm. AME–AME 42 µm, PME–PME 216 µm, PME–ALE 43 µm. Clypeus with large brown mark, without process. Chelicera ( Fig. 2K–L ) with blunt conical proximo-lateral apophysis with small hump proximoentally, thick and ventrally curved frontal apophysis larger than proximo-lateral apophysis, and ventrally curved, notched triangular distal apophysis longer than proximo-lateral apophysis. Sternum longer than wide, shield-like, pale yellow with brown marks laterally and posteriorly. Opisthosoma 4.0 long, 1.7 wide, cylindrical, pale yellow, without cuticular patterns, with cardiac pattern and many black granular spots dorsally and laterally. Leg femora and tibiae yellowish brown with two whitish and two dark brown bands distally, two dark brown bands proximally; patellae, metatarsi, tarsi dark brown, without bands; leg Ⅰ femur distinctly darker. Leg Ⅰ 51.2 (12.8 + 0.9 + 13.1 + 22.0 + 2.4), leg II 34.5 (9.4 + 0.8 + 8.7 + 13.9 + 1.6), leg III 23.2 (6.8 + 0.7 + 5.7 + 8.8 + 1.2), leg IV 30.4 (8.7 + 0.7 + 7.7 + 11.9 + 1.4). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (15.1: 1.0: 15.4: 25.8: 2.9), leg II (11.9: 1.0: 11.1: 17.6: 2.1), leg III (9.1: 1.0: 7.7: 11.9: 1.6), leg IV (12.1: 1.0: 10.6: 16.6: 1.9). Leg formula 1243. Tibia Ⅰ L/d 87. Tibiae, metatarsi, tarsi with short vertical setae, tibiae and metatarsi Ⅰ, II with long curved hairs. Tibiae with three trichobothria, except tibia Ⅰ (prolaterally absent). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia Ⅰ at 4% proximally. Tarsus I with 25 pseudosegments, mostly irregular. Palp ( Fig. 8A–G ). Trochanter apophysis ( Fig. 8B ) tiny, about 0.2 times as long as femur, straight, blunt, proximo-retrolaterally with round tubercle larger than apophysis; femur ventrally swollen; tibia with prolatero-ventral tubercle; procursus ( Fig. 8B–E ) brown, strongly sinuated dorsally, with large ventral knee; both dorso-subdistally and ventro-subdistally slightly swollen, dorso-subdistally with single short spines near retrolateral ridges ( Fig. 8C–D ); procursus tip ( Fig. 8C–E ) with single large ridge and several indistinct ridges retrolaterally ( Fig. 8E ), prolateral process broad and membranous, retrolateral edge strongly sclerotized and extended roundly (arrowed 1 in Fig. 8D ), medially semi-transparent, distal margin slightly sinuated and denticulate (arrowed 2 in Fig. 8D ), prolateral margin linear, strongly sclerotized with thin mark close to proximal procursus, distally with slender projection with dentate tip (arrowed 3 in Fig. 8C–D ), and membranous ventral process (arrowed 4 in Fig. 8D ); genital bulb oval, pale yellow; uncus ( Fig. 8F ) about 0.3 times as long as genital bulb, dark brown, lingulate, outer distal margin extended with numerous tiny scales; pseudoappendix ( Fig. 8F–G ) brown, thin, perpendicularly curved and crossing over embolus in lateral view, distally pointed; embolus ( Fig. 8G ) slender, distally fringed, weakly sclerotized, about twice as long as uncus. FIGURE 8. Pholcus gimsatgat Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–G: holotype male, H–I: one of paratype females).A–B, male left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, D: dorsal view, E: retrolateral view; arrow 1 in D indicates sclerotized retrolateral margin of prolateral process, arrow 2 in D indicates sinuated distal margin of prolateral process, arrow 3 in C–D indicates slender and distally denticulate projection of prolateral process, arrow 4 in C indicates membranous ventral process); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view); H, epigyne, ventral view; I, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, pa=pseudoappendix, pp=pore plate of internal genitalia, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars=0.5mm (A–B, H–I), 0.25mm (C–G). FIGURE 9. Pholcus solchi Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–G: holotype male, H–I: one of paratype females). A–B, male left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, D: dorsal view, arrow 1 indicates distally widened dorsal process, arrow 2 indicates outwardly curved retrolateral projection of prolateral process, arrow 3 indicates spur-like prolatero-distal projection of prolateral process, E: retrolateral view); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view); H, epigyne, ventral view; I, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, pa=pseudoappendix, pp=pore plate of internal genitalia, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars=0.5mm (A–B, H–I), 0.25mm (C–G). FIGURE 10. Pholcus mino Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–G: holotype male, H–I: one of paratype females). A–B, male left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, D: dorsal view, E: retrolateral view; arrow 1 in C–D indicates distally widened dorsal process, arrow 2 in D indicates inwardly curved retrolateral projection of prolateral process, arrow 3 in D indicates spur-like prolatero-distal projection of prolateral process); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view); H, epigyne, ventral view; I, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, pa=pseudoappendix, pp=pore plate of internal genitalia, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars=0.5mm (A–B, H–I), 0.25mm (C–G). FIGURE 11. Pholcus maepo Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–G: holotype male, H–I: one of paratype females). A–B, male left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, D: dorsal view, E: retrolateral view; arrow 1 in D indicates distally widened dorsal process, arrow 2 in D indicates blunt retrolateral projection of prolateral process, arrow 3 in C– D indicates dagger-like and curved prolatero-distal projection of prolateral process); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view); H, epigyne, ventral view; I, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, pa=pseudoappendix, pp=pore plate of internal genitalia, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars=0.5mm (A–B, H–I), 0.25mm (C–G). FIGURE 12. Intraspecific variations on copulatory organs of Pholcus chugok Lee & Lee , sp. nov. (A–B, G–H, L–M: from type locality, Chugok-ri, C–D, I, N: from Baehuryeong, E, J, O: from Bangcheon-ri, F, K, P: from Mt. Samyeongsan) (A–F, procursus tip, dorsal view, G–K, epigyne, ventral view, L–P, internal genitalia, dorsal view) Scale bars=0.25mm (A–F), 0.5mm (G–P). Female (one of paratypes , KNU-Ar 20230066). Habitus as in Fig. 1L. Somatic characteristics generally similar to male, but cheliceral apophyses absent, legs slightly shorter. Total length 4.8. Prosoma 1.5 long, 1.5 wide. Diameter of AME 97 µm, ALE 155 µm, PME 152 µm, PLE 156 µm. AME–AME 47 µm, PME–PME 176 µm, PME–ALE 44 µm. Opisthosoma 3.2 long, 1.7 wide. Leg Ⅰ 30.8 (8.0 + 0.6 + 8.0 + 13.3 + 1.0), leg II 22.5 (6.1 + 0.6 + 5.6 + 8.7 + 1.4), leg III 16.4 (4.7 + 0.6 + 4.0 + 6.1 + 1.1), leg IV 22.2 (6.4 + 0.6 + 5.5 + 8.4 + 1.3). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (13.5: 1.0: 13.5: 22.6: 1.6), leg II (9.5: 1.0: 8.7: 13.7: 2.3), leg III (8.0: 1.0: 6.7: 10.3: 1.8), leg IV (10.2: 1.0: 8.8: 13.6: 2.1). Leg formula 1243. Tibia I L/d 57. Epigyne ( Fig. 8H ). Anterior plate rhomboid, anteriorly with yellowish brown wide rhomboid mark, posteromedial margin strongly extended to posteromedial edge of posterior plate; posterior plate ivory, laterally about half as long as anterior plate, posterior edge very slightly extended, with pair of yellowish brown sclerotized areas on anterolateral margin; epigynal knob dark brown, thick, blunt, as long as posterior plate; posterior sclerotized cuticle brown, strongly procurved, half as long as posterior plate; interspace between posterior plate and posterior sclerotized cuticle yellowish brown except near epigynal knob, slightly longer than posterior plate. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 8I ). Anterior arch slightly sinuate, medially strongly sclerotized; anterolateral portion slightly extended laterally; genital valve slightly curved roundly; lateral portion strongly concave; pore plates ovoid, close together anteriorly and wide apart posteriorly. Variation. Males. Prosoma width: 1.5–1.7 (mean 1.6), tibia Ⅰ: 9.3–13.1 (mean 11.4) (n=10). The palpal shapes were largely consistent ( Fig. 15I ). Females. Prosoma width: 1.5–1.7 (mean 1.6), tibia Ⅰ: 8.0–9.1 (mean 8.6) (n=10). An intrapopulational variation was observed on the size of pore plates of internal genitalia ( Fig. 15L–M ). The epigynal shapes were largely consistent, but some have larger sclerotized mark on posteromedial margin of epigynal anterior plate near epigynal knob ( Fig. 15J–K ). Habitat information. This species was found on rock walls and crevices under rocks in mountainous regions. Distribution. Korea (Danyang) ( Fig. 18 ).