Diplodia parva sp. nov., a novel species of the family Botryosphaeriaceae isolated from soil in Korea Author Lee, Seung-Yeol Author Ten, Leonid N. Author Ayim, Benjamin Yaw Author Fulbert, Okouma Nguia Author Das, Kallol Author Jung, Hee-Young text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-08-13 514 2 105 117 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.2.2 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.514.2.2 1179-3163 5318785 Diplodia parva S.Y. Lee, L.N. Ten & H.Y. Jung sp. nov. ( FIGURE 2 ) MycoBank: MB834635 Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word parva (“small”), and refers to the small conidia size. Typus : The culture was isolated from soil in Dongducheon , Korea ( 37°55’25.5”N , 127°02’49.8”E ). The stock culture ( NIBRFG0000499836 ) was deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources ( NIBR ), metabolically inactive culture . TABLE 1. GenBank accession numbers of the fungal strains used in this study for phylogenetic analyses.

Species	Strains	GenBank accession numbers ITS TEF1-α
Diplodia parva	KNU16-007	LC417238	LC435495
Diplodia africana	CBS 120835*	EF445343	EF445382
Diplodia africana	CBS 121104	EF445344	EF445383
Diplodia agrifolia	CBS 132777*	JN693507	JQ517317
Diplodia agrifolia	UCROK1429	JQ411412	JQ512121
Diplodia alatafructa	CBS 124931*	FJ888460	FJ888444
Diplodia allocellula	CBS 130408*	JQ239397	JQ239384
Diplodia allocellula	CBS 130410	JQ239399	JQ239386
Diplodia arengae	MFLU 17-2769	MG762771	MG762774
Diplodia bulgarica	CBS 124254*	GQ923853	GQ923821
Diplodia bulgarica	CBS 124135	GQ923852	GQ923820
Diplodia corticola	CBS 112549*	AY259100	AY573227
Diplodia corticola	CBS 112547	AY259110	DQ458872
Diplodia crataegicola	MFLU 15-1311*	KT290244	KT290248
Diplodia cupressi	CBS 168.87*	DQ458893	DQ458878
Diplodia cupressi	CBS 261.85	DQ458894	DQ458879
Diplodia estuarina	CMW41231*	KP860831	KP860676
Diplodia fraxinii	CBS 136010*	KF307700	KF318747
Diplodia galiicola	MFLU 15-1310*	KT290245	KT290249
Diplodia insularis	CBS 140350*	KX833072	KX833073
Diplodia intermedia	CBS 124462	GQ923858	GQ923826
Diplodia intermedia	CBS 124134	HM036528	GQ923851
Diplodia malorum	CBS 124130*	GQ923865	GQ923833
Diplodia mutila	CBS 112553*	AY259093	AY573219
Diplodia mutila	CBS 230.30	DQ458886	DQ458869
Diplodia neojuniperi	CPC 22753*	KM006431	KM006462
Diplodia olivarum	CBS 121887*	EU392302	EU392279
Diplodia olivarum	CBS 121886	EU392297	EU392274
Diplodia pseudoseriata	CBS 124906*	EU080927	EU863181
Diplodia pseudoseriata	CBS 124907	EU080922	EU863179
Diplodia quercivora	CBS 133852*	JX894205	JX894229
Diplodia rosacearum	CBS 141915*	KT956270	KU378605
Diplodia rosulata	CBS 116470*	EU430265	EU430267
Diplodia rosulata	CBS 116472	EU430266	EU430268
Diplodia sapinea	CBS 393.84	DQ458895	DQ458880
Diplodia sapinea	CBS 109725	DQ458896	DQ458881
Diplodia scrobiculata	CBS 118110*	AY253292	AY624253
Diplodia seriata	CBS 112555	AY259094	AY573220
Diplodia seriata	CBS 119049	DQ458889	DQ458874
Diplodia subglobosa	CBS 124133*	GQ923856	GQ923824
Diplodia tsugae	CBS 418.64*	DQ458888	DQ458873
Lasiodiplodia theobromae	CBS 164.96	AY640255	AY640258

*Ex-type (ex-epitype) strains The isolated strain is shown in bold FIGURE 2. Cultural and morphological characteristics of Diplodia parva KNU 16-007. A, B and C, pycnidia on pine needle; D, conidiophore; E, front and reverse view of the colony on PDA; F, front and reverse view of the colony on MEA; G, conidiogenous cells; H, conidia. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C, D, G, H = 10 µm. Habitat: The species was found in soil. The soil was a yellowish-brown, fine gravelly clay loam, with a low moisture capacity. Description: The average diameters of colonies on PDA and MEA were 73.8 mm and 64.9 mm , respectively, after three days of incubation at 25 °C. The growth of mycelial colonies was round, and there were also variations in the diameter of the colonies across the different media ( FIGURE 2 ). On MEA, white mycelium developed and turned dark gray; the reverse color was pale brown to dark brown at the center. On PDA, initially floccose white to brown mycelium developed and turned black after three days at 25 °C. Conidiomata were pycnidial, globose, immersed, unilocular, and dark brown to black; the ostiole was single, central, and circular; the conidiomata wall was brown to dark brown. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells were hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, and smooth, arising from the inner wall of the locule. Conidia were oblong to clavate, oval, round and with a blunt edge apex, aseptate with a smooth thick wall, of a size in the range of 22.7– 29.3 μm × 8.9–10.9 μm, hyaline became yellowish to dark brown (n=100). Sometimes the wall edge was dark yellow ( FIGURE 2 ). Notes: Morphologically, strain KNU16-007 resembles the phylogenetically closely related D. sapinea , Diplodia intermedia A.J.L. Phillips, J. Lopes & A. Alves , D. scrobiculata , D. seriata , Diplodia rosacearum S. Giambra, A. Alves, J. Armengol & S. Burruano , Diplodia crataegicola Dissanayake, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde , and Diplodia citricarpa Abdollahz. & Crous , but the novel species is readily distinguishable from them by its conidia shape and size ( Table 2 ). The average size of the conidia of strain KNU16-007 (26.0 μm × 9.9 μm) is much shorter than that of D. sapinea (41.5 μm × 16.3 μm), D. scrobiculata (39.5 μm × 14.0 μm), and D. intermedia (31.3 μm × 13.5 μm). The average conidia length of strain KNU16-007 is significantly longer than that of D. crataegicola (14 μm), and slightly longer than that of D. citricarpa (23.5 μm), D . rosacearum (23.7 μm), and D. seriata (24.5 μm). However, the width of its conidia is much shorter than that of D. seriata (13.0 μm) and D . rosacearum (12.8 μm). The conidial length:width ratio clearly differentiates strain KNU16-007 (2.63) from D. crataegicola (1.55), D. seriata (1.88), and D . rosacearum (1.9). Finally, in contrast to D . citricarpa and D . rosacearum , conidia of KNU16-007 do not become 1-septate with age.