Four new species of Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), nymphal description of Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) fasciatus (Pictet) and keys for South American species of Callibaetis Author Cruz, Paulo Vilela Author Salles, Frederico Falcão Author Hamada, Neusa text Zootaxa 2017 4250 3 229 261 journal article 33301 10.11646/zootaxa.4250.3.3 850f37bf-277f-4458-9f2a-e486d999d8e5 1175-5326 495027 8D0213F2-B5F7-4CFB-BB3E-637EB6EDB684 Key to identify described male imagoes of Callibaetis species from South America* 1. Forewing with single marginal intercalary vein.............................................................. 2 1’. Forewing with paired marginal intercalary veins.............................................................4 2. Forceps segment III with apex rounded ( Fig. 10 G in Cruz et al. 2017 ), brownish specimens (before fixation) ( Fig. 10 A in Cruz et al. 2017 )............................................................................... C. ( Ab. ) pollens 2’. Forceps segment III with apex truncated ( Fig. 11 C in Cruz et al. 2014 ), green specimens (before fixation) ( Fig. 11 D in Cruz et al. 2014 )............................................................................................3 3. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 0.4–0.5× dorsal portion height ( Fig. 11 B in Cruz et al. 2014 ), costal pro- cess of hind wing rounded ( Fig. 11 F in Cruz et al. 2014 )......................................... C. ( Ca. ) gonzalezi 3’. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 0.85–0.90× dorsal portion height (Fig. 26B in Cruz et al. 2014 ), costal process of hind wing quadrangular (Fig. 26E in Cruz et al. 2014 )................................... C. ( Ca. ) radiatus 4. Dorsal surface of turbinate portion of compound eyes rounded ( Fig. 10 A in Cruz et al. 2014 ).........................5 4’. Dorsal surface of turbinate portion of compound eyes oval ( Figs 5 A, 13A)........................................ 6 5. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with constriction on apical third ( Fig. 10 B in Cruz et al. 2014 )........ C. ( Cu. ) gelidus 5’. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with constriction on basal third ( Fig. 21 B in Cruz et al. 2014 )...... C. ( Cu. ) nigracyclus 6. Abdominal terga III, V and VII with oblique red mark ( Figs 7 A and 22E in Cruz et al. 2017 )..........................7 6’. Abdominal terga III, V and VII without oblique red mark ( Fig. 2 A in Cruz et al. 2017 )............................. 11 7. Abdominal sterna with one medial mark on anterior margin ( Fig. 11 G in Cruz et al. 2017 )............... C. ( Ca. ) willineri 7’. Abdominal sterna without one medial mark on anterior margin ( Fig. 7 B in Cruz et al. 2017 )..........................8 8. Turbinate portion of compound eyes (in lateral view) with anterior and posterior margins subparallel ( Fig. 2 in Cruz et al. 2009 and Fig. 17 B in Cruz et al. 2014 ).........................................................................9 8’. Turbinate portion of compound eyes (in lateral view) with anterior and posterior margins divergent ( Fig. 13 B, Fig. 1 B in Cruz et al. 2014 )......................................................................................... 10 9. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 1.9× dorsal portion height ( Fig. 17 B in Cruz et al. 2014 ), marginal inter- calary veins on hind wing present ( Fig. 17 E in Cruz et al. 2014 ).................................... C. ( Ca. ) jocosus 9’. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 2.6× dorsal portion height, marginal intercalary veins on hind wing absent ( Figs 4 a and 4b in Cruz et al. 2009 )...................................................... C. ( Ca. ) zonalis 10. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 1.1× dorsal portion height ( Fig. 1 B in Cruz et al. 2014 )................................................................................................. C. ( Cu. ) calloventer 10’. Turbinate portion of compound eyes with stalk height 1.9× dorsal portion height...................... C. ( Ca. ) guttatus 11. Forewing without pigmentation (Fig. 29 in Cruz et al. 2009 and Fig. 13 D in Cruz et al. 2014 )........................12 11’. Forewing with pigmentation ( Fig. 2 in Nieto & Cruz 2013 and Fig. 27D in Cruz et al. 2014 ).........................14 12. Abdominal sterna with two large marks on anterior margin ( Fig. 2 B in Cruz et al. 2017 )................ C. ( Ab. ) capixaba 12’. Abdominal sterna without two large marks on anterior margin ( Fig. 13 C)........................................13 13. Abdominal sterna and terga with transverse small brown mark on posterior margin, abdomen without spots ( Figs 13 F and 13I in Cruz et al. 2014 )......................................................................... C. ( Ai. ) itannae 13’. Abdominal sterna and terga without small brown transverse mark on posterior margin, abdomen covered by spots ( Fig. 13 A)................................................................................. C. ( Ca. ) molinerii sp. nov. 14. Forewing with apical third completely pigmented, basal 2/3 hyaline ( Fig. 2 in Nieto & Cruz 2013 )...... C. ( Ab. ) dominguezi 14’. Forewing without apical third completely pigmented, basal 2/3 with some pigmentation.............................15 15. Forewing pigmentation forming bands ( Figs 5 D and 27D in Cruz et al. 2014 ).....................................16 15’. Forewing pigmentation not forming bands ( Figs 17 D and 6B in Cruz et al. 2014 )..................................18 16. Apical band parallel to posterior margin of forewing (Fig. 27D in Cruz et al. 2014 ).................... C. ( Ab. ) sellacki 16’. Apical band transverse to posterior margin of forewing ( Fig. 9 C in Cruz et al. 2014 )...............................17 17. First segment of forceps cylindrical ( Fig. 5 C in Cruz et al. 2014 )................................... C. ( Ca. ) cruentus 17’. First segment of forceps with base wider than apex ( Fig. 9 F in Cruz et al. 2014 )....................... C. ( Ab. ) fasciatus 18. Pair of medioanterior and medioposterior sigilla on abdominal terga strong pigmented ( Fig. 11 A). C. ( Cu. ) imperator sp. nov. 18’. Pair of medioanterior and medioposterior sigilla on abdominal terga without pigment ( Fig. 6 E in Cruz et al. 2017 )....................................................................................................... C. jaffueli