The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families Author Moghaddam, Masumeh Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. Author Watson, Gillian W. 0000-0001-9914-0094 Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk text Zootaxa 2024 2024-11-29 5542 1 1 202 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 1175-5334 14385386 2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) ( Fig. 66 , Plate 4E , distribution map Fig. 91A ) Coccus quercus Linnaeus, 1758: 455 . Chermes reniformis Fourcroy, 1785: 230 . Coccus cambii Ratzeburg, 1844: 194 . Physokermes reniformis (Fourcroy) ; Targioni Tozzetti 1869: 41 . Kermes reniformis (Fourcroy) ; Signoret 1875: 553 . Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) ; Cockerell 1894: 178 . Field characters: Young adult female yellowish brown; pre-reproductive adult female spherical, dark brown to black, without visible body segmentation but dorsum divided by 1 longitudinal and 6–8 deep, wide transverse black furrows. Post-reproductive female kidney-shaped, with shallow longitudinal medial depression posteriorly; cuticle becoming heavily sclerotized with maturity ( Podsiadło 2014 ). Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted young pre-reproductive adult female pear-shaped, with fused segments. Dorsal and ventral setae stout and spine-like, present throughout. Antennae each with 2 or 3 segments, with 3 or 4 spine-like setae apically. Labium subtriangular, with three segments, apical segment with 4 pairs of setae. Legs reduced, pointed distally, each composed of three segments: coxa, trochanter + femur, tibia + tarsus and claw. Spiracles well developed and sclerotized, each with associated multilocular disc pores, posterior spiracle diameter larger than that of anterior spiracle. Anal ring situated near posterior end, with a complete margin with 2 short setae posteriorly but without pores. Dorsum with tubular ducts of various sizes, scattered, most numerous anteriorly, sparse posteriorly; bilocular pores numerous, scattered. Venter with tubular ducts of 1 type densely grouped in a horseshoe-shaped submarginal to marginal band on prosoma, less frequent on submarginal areas of abdomen. Disc-pores (each with 3‒8 loculi) present in groups, each group surrounding a spinelike seta; present around margins and forming segmental rows across median areas of abdomen. Multilocular pores, each with 12 loculi, in clusters across medial areas of abdominal segments and forming 6 or 8 longitudinal lines abdomen. Distribution: Kermes quercus is known from 24 countries in the Palaearctic region ( García Morales et al . 2016 ); in Iran , it has been recorded from Ilam and Kermanshah provinces ( Moghaddam 2013 ). Host-plants: The species is oligophagous, having been only found on Quercus spp. ( Fagaceae ) ( García Morales et al . 2016 ). Economic importance: Kermes quercus is of no economic importance in Iran . Natural enemies: None recorded in Iran .