A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) Author Negaresh, Kazem Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) negaresh@ramin.ac.ir Author Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) & Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. & Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) negaresh@ramin.ac.ir text Phytotaxa 2018 2018-08-02 363 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1 1179-3163 13703414 28a. Centaurea regia var. regia ( Figs. 61 and 62 ) Terminal spine of median appendages (8–) 9–14 mm long; appendages white, sometimes creamish. Taxonomic and distribution remarks: — Centaurea regia var. regia generally occurs in W Iran , NE and N Iraq , NE Syria and SE Turkey ( Fig. 58 ). The main distribution range of this variety is in Iraq . Centaurea regia var. regia is distinguished from the other varieties by having white or creamish appendages. It has a terminal spine of median phyllaries usually (8–) 9–14 mm long, but there is a few specimens that have a shorter spine ( 6–8 mm long). Chromosome numbers: — Centaurea regia var. regia is a diploid taxon with the chromosome number of 2 n = 2 x = 18 ( Fig. 9D and Table 1 ). This is the first chromosome count for this variety. Selected specimens examined:— IRAN . Prov. Kermanshah : Shahu mountains , Struass s.n . ( G !) ; 5 km from Ravansar , 1430 m , 14 June 2012 , Ranjbar & Negaresh 28868 ( BASU !) ; Ravansar , 1380 m , 14 June 2012 , Ranjbar & Negaresh 28828 ( BASU !) ; Ranjbar & Negaresh 28830 ( BASU !) ; Ranjbar & Negaresh 28855 ( BASU !) ; 5 km before bifurcate Ghazel Ghash , 1530 m , 26 May 2012 , Ranjbar & Negaresh 28883 ( BASU !) ; Kermanshah toward Javanroud , 25 km before bifurcate Javanroud-Paveh , 1450 m , 30 June 2012 , Ranjbar & Negaresh 28893 ( BASU !) ; 5 km to Ravansar , Bave Geh village , 1418 m , Ranjbar & Negaresh 28807 ( BASU !) ; Ranjbar & Negaresh 28808 ( BASU !) ; Kermanshah toward Ravansar , 3 km to Ravansar , 1348 m , 27 May 2014 , Negaresh & Kamalnejad 111 (herb. Negaresh !); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 118 (herb. Negaresh !); Ravansar toward Kamyaran , 1–3 km after Ravansar , 1375–1400 m , 29 May 2014 , Negaresh & Kamalnejad 20138 ( HUI !) ; Negaresh & Kamalnejad 117 (herb. Negaresh !); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 45547 ( FUMH !) ; Kermanshah toward Ravansar , 1 km to Ravansar , before Sarab-e Jaberi , 34° 41′ 22.3″ N , 46° 40′ 31.2″ E , 1390–1400 m , 23 May 2017 , Negaresh 172 (herb. Negaresh !, RUH !) ; Ravansar , benning road of Bashokoui village , 34° 43′ 1.76″ N , 46° 40′ 32.8″ E , 1260–1270 m , 1 June 2015 , Negaresh & Asadbegi 182 (herb. Negaresh !, HSB !) . IRAQ . Prov. Arbil : in montibus between Harir and Rawanduz, Bornmüller 1488 ( B !) . Prov. Mosul : 86 km N Mosul toward Zakho , 2 July 1957 , Rechinger 10632 ( B !, E !) ; 5 km S Zakho , 700 m , Rawi & Rechinger 16690 ( K !) ; Olaka , 700 m , Rawi 8769 ( K !) . Prov. Kirkuk : near Kirkuk , 27 May 1961 , Haines s.n. ( E !) ; Haussknecht s.n. ( G !) . Prov. Sulaymaniyah : roadside bewteen Sheikh Adi and Atush , 700 m , 9 June 1978 , Hossain 4269 ( E !, P !: two sheets); Schultz Bipontinus s.n. ( P !) ; Kurdistania Turcica (Assyria) : ad pagum Zacho ( Bidaro , Azach ) dit. Geziret-ibn-Omar , in steppa, 450 m , 6 July 1910 , s.c. s.n. ( SAV !) . SYRIA . 1865, Haussknecht s.n. ( P !) . TURKEY . C8 Mardin : between Midyat and Dargeçit , roadside, 20 July 2009 , Aslan 3968 ( GAZI !) .