The Philippine hair wax spiders and their relatives: revision of the Pholcus bicornutus species group (Araneae, Pholcidae) Author Huber, Bernhard A. Author Nuñeza, Olga M. Author Leh Moi Ung, Charles text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-08-29 225 1 34 http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/349 journal article 25069 10.5852/ejt.2016.225 7dda3f39-7ee4-40be-a268-75056e3d2a9a 830814 C1F4C6FC-2EB6-48D9-B628-F1C8BD1FF2F8 Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1CD3A2E0-1528-4D37-9BFD-82B752CA13C5 Figs 3–26 Diagnosis Distinguished from most similar known relative ( P. bicornutus ) by dark lateral bands on carapace (in males and females; Figs 3, 6 ), and by procursus shape (prolatero-dorsal process of proximal part shorter and wider; entire distal hinged part of procursus shorter and wider; distinctive shapes of procursus tip and of uncus; Figs 7–8 ). From other species of the P. bicornutus group ( P. pagbilao , P. arayat , P. schawalleri , P. baguio sp. nov. , P. mulu sp. nov. , P. kawit sp. nov. ) by hinged procursus, small epigynal plate ( Fig. 24 ), undivided dark band ventrally on abdomen (also in P. kawit sp. nov. and P. mulu sp. nov. ), and by presence of slightly curved hairs on legs (especially on tibiae and metatarsi 1–2). Figs 3–6. Live specimens, Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. , Pamulaklakin Forest Trail. 3–4 . ♁ and ♀ in their natural habitat. 5–6 . ♁ and ♀ photographed on a dead leaf. Figs 7–11. Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15497–98. 7–8 . Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks prolatero-dorsal process of procursus). 9 . Male chelicerae, frontal view. 10–11 . Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Scale lines: 7–8 = 1 mm; 9–1 1 = 0.5 mm. Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Material examined Holotype PHILIPPINES : ♁ , Luzon , Bataan Prov ., near Olangapo , along river near Pamulaklakin Forest Trail ( 14.798° N , 120.338° E ), 80 m a.s.l., on wet rock wall , 28 Feb. 2014 ( B.A. Huber ), ZFMK ( Ar 15496 ) . Figs 12–15. Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15497–98. 12 . Male prosoma, frontal view. 13, 15 . Male ocular horns with modified and ‘glued’ or ‘waxed’ hairs, frontal and lateral views. 14 . Female prosoma, frontal view. Scale lines: 12, 14 = 400 µm; 13 = 50 µm; 15 = 60 µm. Other material PHILIPPINES : 9 ♁♁ , 10 ♀♀ , 3 juvs , ZFMK ( Ar 15497–98 ) and 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ , MSU-IIT , same data as holotype ; 2 ♀♀ , 5 juvs , in absolute ethanol, same data, ZFMK ( Phi 207 ) . Figs 16–23. Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15497–98. 16 . Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 17 . Left tarsus and procursus, dorsal view (asterisk marks prolatero-dorsal process of procursus). 18 . Tip of left procursus, dorsal view. 19 . Female spinnerets. 20 . Male cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 21 . Male ALS. 22 . Male gonopore. 23 . Epigynum. Scale lines: 16, 23 = 200 µm; 17 = 300 µm; 18 = 100 µm; 19 = 70 µm; 20–21 = 20 µm; 22 = 40 µm. Figs 24–35. Epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal view. 24–26 . Pholcus olangapo Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15498. 27–29 . Pholcus mulu Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15502. 30–32 . Pholcus kawit Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15505. 33–35 . Pholcus baguio Huber , sp. nov. , ZFMK Ar 15508. Assigned tentatively PHILIPPINES : 1 ♀ , Luzon , Laguna Prov ., Mt. Banahaw , forest near Taytay Falls ( 14.110° N , 121.507° E ), 560 m a.s.l., 26 Feb. 2014 ( B.A. Huber ), ZFMK ( Ar 15499 ) . Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 6.0, carapace width 1.6. Leg 1: 42.7 (10.1 + 0.7 + 10.4 + 19.0 + 2.5), tibia 2: 7.2, tibia 3: 4.8, tibia 4: 6.7; tibia 1 L/d: 64. Distance PME-PME 370 µm, diameter PME 150×180 µm, distance PME-ALE ~40 µm, distance AME-AME 30 µm, diameter AME 100 µm. COLOR. Carapace pale ochre to light brown, with wide median dark brown mark including ocular area and connecting posteriorly to wide lateral marginal bands ( Fig. 3 ); clypeus pale ochre; sternum brown, with three pairs of light ochre marginal marks at bases of coxae 2–4; legs light brown to ochre, dark rings subdistally on femora and tibiae and in patella area, tips of femora and tibiae lighter; abdomen ochregray, dorsally with several pairs of indistinct cuticular marks, with distinct internal darker marks visible through cuticle dorsally and laterally; ventrally with undivided wide brown band between gonopore and spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 3 and 5 ; ocular area raised, each eye triad on additional short hump directed towards lateral ( Fig. 12 ), with pair of long processes between eye triads, each with distal brush of hairs that are ‘glued’ or ‘waxed’ together to form consistently curved pointed tip ( Figs 13, 15 ); carapace without median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum wider than long (1.00/0.75), unmodified. ALS with one widened, one pointed, and six cylindrically shaped spigots of variable sizes ( Fig. 21 ). Gonopore with four epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 22 ). CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 9 , with large lateral apophyses and low frontal humps proximally, dark distal apophyses near median line provided with two small modified (cone-shaped) hairs each ( Fig. 20 ); without stridulatory ridges. PALPS. As in Figs 7–8 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with retrolateral pointed process; femur with distinct ventral process and indistinct retrolateral hump proximally; tibia with dark dorsal band, without ventral cavity; procursus complex and hinged, proximal part with distinctive prolatero-dorsal process ( Fig. 17 ), distal part with prolateral membranous flap and distinctive tip ( Fig. 18 ); bulb with long, distinctively curved uncus, weakly sclerotized embolus distally curved, without appendix ( Fig. 16 ). LEGS. Without spines; with weakly curved hairs on tibiae and metatarsi 1–2; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 4%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with>30 pseudosegments, only distally about 10 fairly distinct. Male (variation) Tibia 1 in 10 other males: 9.6–11.4 (mean: 10.4). Female In general similar to male but eye triads closer together (distance PME-PME 210 µm), without processes between eye triads ( Fig. 14 ). Tibia 1 in 11 females from type locality: 8.6–10.5 (mean: 9.2). Epigynum mostly weakly sclerotized, small posterior plate with small ‘knob’ ( Figs 23–24 ); some females with strongly protruding epigynal area (apparently expandable); internal genitalia as in Figs 11 and 26 . Spinnerets as in Fig. 19 , ALS with one widened, one pointed, and six cylindrically shaped spigots of variable sizes, PMS with two spigots each. The single female specimen from Mt. Banahaw shares the carapace pattern and is thus tentatively assigned to this species rather than to P. bicornutus (in which the female genitalia appear indistinguishable; compare figs 1539 and 1564 in Huber 2011a with Figs 11 and 24 herein); tibia 1: 9.7. Natural history At the type locality, specimens were collected from small webs attached to a perpendicular, dripping wet rock wall beside a small stream ( Figs 3–4 ). Distribution Known from two localities in Luzon only (single female specimen from Mt. Banahaw assigned tentatively, see above; Fig. 1 ).