The adult males of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) known from Greenland Author Hodgson, Chris text Zootaxa 2005 907 1 48 journal article 51063 10.5281/zenodo.170989 d8b4d666-356d-4343-8869-265d1a617b0f 1175­5326 170989 PULVINARIA GLACIALIS Gertsson & Hodgson (Fig. 9) Pulvinaria glacialis Gertsson & Hodgson, 2005 : 14 . (Described from 3 specimens , 1 in good condition (but broken into two parts ­ description mainly taken from this specimen), 1 fair to poor and the other in poor condition.) Mounted material : of moderate size, total body length 1.63 mm ; antennae relatively short, about 3/5ths total length of body; body moderately setose, fleshy setae (fs) frequent on body but not always easy to separate from hairlike setae (hs) – each fs longer and stouter than hs; length of fs on antennae more than twice width of antennal segments. Wings comparatively short, only about 3/4 total body length; breadth much less than half wing length. Hamulohalteres absent. Head : approximately triangular in dorsal view; length 153–178µm, width across genae 178–190µm. Median crest (mc) narrow anteriorly, broad posteriorly and reticulated throughout; with about 4 fs + 4 hs dorsal head setae (dhs) on each side. Mid­cranial ridge: dorsal ridge very short; ventral ridge (vmcr) well defined but only extending about halfway to ocular sclerite posteriorly; with a broad reticulated border, broadest posteriorly, fusing with ocular sclerite; lateral arms (lmcr) normally developed; with 1 pair of hs ventral midcranial ridge setae (vmcrs). Genae (g) large and polygonally reticulated throughout, each reticulation without inner microridges; genal setae (gs): 10 or 11 fs on each side. Simple eyes: two pairs of oval simple eyes, subequal in size, each 33x 28 m wide. Ocelli (o) distinct, posterior to dorsal simple eyes (dse); each about 13µm wide. Ocular sclerite (ocs) polygonally reticulated throughout, each reticulation mainly without inner microridges. Preocular ridge (procr): dorsal arms short; ventral arms extending almost to mid­cranial ridge. Postocular ridge (pocr) well developed and extending well past posterior margin of each ocellus. Dorsal ocular setae (docs): 3 fs on each side. Ventral head setae (vhs): with about 5 or 6 fs on each side, mainly dorsad to ventral simple eyes; with none between or posterior to ventral eyes. Tentorial bridge (tb) well developed and broad. Cranial apophysis (ca) quite long (about 30µm) and with a rather square apex. Antennae : 10 segmented ( 1 specimen with a 9­segmented antenna); 925–950µm long (ratio of total body length to antennal length 1:0.57). Scape (scp): 44–50µm long and 43– 45µm wide; with 1 hs on ventral surface and 2(–3) hs on inner margin. Pedicel (pdc): length 50–55µm, width 33–38µm; reticulated throughout, with 9 or 10 setae (short fs?) (campaniform pore not located); setae absent from dorsal surface. Segments III–IX all rather narrow, each about 16–24µm wide; fs about 33–45µm long (longest distally); segment lengths (µm): III: 76–81; IV: 162–173; V: 150–153; VI: 140–142; VII: 110–115; VIII: 87–92 and IX: 66–68; approximate number of setae per segment: III: 1 or 2 fs + 0 or 1 hs + 2 sensilla basiconica; IV: 21 fs + 0 hs; V: 21–25 fs + 0 or 1 hs; VI: 21 fs + 0 or 1 hs; VII: 18–22 fs + 0 hs; VIII: 13–18 fs + 0 hs + 1 bristle (abr) (barely differentiated from fs) and IX: 13 or 14 fs + 0 hs + 1 abr (barely differentiated from fs). Segment X: length 48– 53µm; not constricted apically; with 3 capitate setae (caps), 3 large and 2 small antennal bristles (abr) plus 6–8 fs; with at least 1 sensilla basiconica (sb) on apex. Thorax . Prothorax : pronotal ridges (prnr) strong and not meeting medially; with a broad striated lateral pronotal sclerite (prn); without lateral pronotal setae (lpns). Medial pronotal setae (mpns) and lateral prothoracic setae (lpns) absent. Sternum (stn 1) with a strong transverse ridge; median ridge very short; sternite broad and triangular, with faint striations; prosternal setae (stn1s): 28 fs in total. Anteprosternal setae (astn1s): with 1 or 2 fs on each side. Antemesospiracular setae (am2s) absent. Mesothorax : prescutum (prsc) distinctly wider than long (124–133µm wide and 70– 87µm long); without reticulations; prescutal ridge (pscr) and prescutal suture (pscs) well developed. Scutum (sct): median membranous area wider than long (115–132µm wide; about 53–63µm long); scutal setae (scts): 4–6 hs in total; lateral margins not reticulated; lateral margins without setae. Scutellum (scl) 115–137µm wide and 45–54µm long; foramen apparently variable, absent on one specimen and small on another; posterior notal wing process (pnp) long. Mesopostnotum (pn2) and postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed. Basisternum (stn2) about 178–200µm wide and 107–125µm long; with a complete, moderately strong median ridge (mdr), bounded by strong marginal (mr) and precoxal ridges (pcr2); without basisternal setae (stn2s); lateropleurite (lpl) quite broad, with a sclerotised extension from marginal ridge anteriorly; setae on lateropleurite absent; furca (f) well developed and extending anteriorly about 2/3rds to marginal ridge. Postalare (pa) not reticulated at anterior end; without postalare setae (pas). Mesothoracic spiracles (sp2): peritremes 21–23µm wide. Postmesospiracular setae (pm2s) absent. Tegula (teg): well developed, with 2–6 stout tegular setae (tegs). Metathorax : metapostnotum (pn3) represented by a narrow transverse sclerotisation; metatergal seta (mts): 1 hs on each side. Metapleural ridge (plr3): only posterior half present but well developed; episternum (eps3) quite well developed; postmetaspiracular setae (eps3s): 9–14 fs on each side; metepimeron (epm3) sclerotised, without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae (am3s) and dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Metathoracic spiracles (sp3): width of peritremes 21–23µm. Metasternum (stn3) membranous. Anterior metasternal setae (amss): about 18 fs; posterior metasternal setae (pmss): about 5 fs. Wings : hyaline, of moderate length ( 1150–1175 µm) and width (385–400µm) (ratio of length to width 1:0.42; ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.72). Hamulohalteres absent. Legs : subequal in length. Coxae (cx): I: 103; II: 100; III: 103–108µm long; coxal III setae: about 17–19 fs + 2–4 hs; long apical seta on each coxa about 68µm long. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I: 207; II: 207–210; III: 186–190µm long; trochanter III with about 6–8 fs + 0–4 hs; long trochanter seta about 75–90µm long; femur III with about 24 fs + 5 hs. Tibia (ti): I: 245–250; II: 240–260; III: 250–275µm; tibia III with about 50–55 setae, many spur­like on distal third of leg; single apical spur (tibs) large, 25–30µm long. Tarsi (ta): I: 66–83; II: 82–92; III: 82–95µm long (ratio of length of tibia III to length of tarsus III 1 :0.33); tarsus III with about 28–30 setae, many spur­like; without tarsal campaniform pores (tcp); distal tarsal spur (tabs) 26–28µm long; tarsal digitules (tdt) subequal to length of claw. Claws (c) about twice as long as width of tarsi, slightly curved, without a denticle (cd); length: III: 33µm; claw digitules (cdt) a little longer than claw. FIGURE 9. Pulvinaria glacialis Gertsson & Hodgson. Where A = cranial apophysis; B = reticulations on gena; C = reticulations on ocular sclerite; J = apical antennal segment; K = ventral view of genital segment, and L = claw. And where aas = ante­anal setae; aed = aedeagus; astn1s = anteprosternal setae; bma = basal membranous area; bra = basal rod of aedeagus; ce = caudal extension on abdominal segment VIII; docs = dorsal ocular setae; eps3s = postmetaspiracular setae; fs = fleshy setae; hs = hair­like setae; mc = median crest; mdr = median ridge; psp = minute pores on apex of penial sheath; pss = small setae on margins of penial sheath; sct = scutum; scts = scutal setae; stn1s = prosternal setae, and tabs = distal tarsal spur­like setae. Abdomen : segments I–VII: dorsally with small tergites (at) along anterior margins of all segments, becoming larger on V–VII; sternites (as) large on II, III and VII, smaller on other segments; with a broad membranous area between sterna II & III, III & IV and IV & V. Caudal extension (ce) of segment VII pronounced and mildly sclerotised. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) (totals across segment): I 1 fs + 1 hs; II–VI 0–5 fs + 0–3 hs; VII 0 or 1 hs. Pleural setae: per side: dorsopleural setae (dps): II 0 hs; III–VI 1 or 2 hs; ventropleural setae (vps) II & III 0 fs + 0 hs; IV–VI 1 hs; VII (dorso­ + ventro­pleural setae combined): 20–28 fs (largest 38–45µm long) + 1 hs. Ventral abdominal setae (avs): (on each side): II 6 fs; III–VI 8–12 fs + 0–2 hs; VII: 18 fs + 0 hs. Segment VIII: tergite (at) present, with 5 fs + 2 hs? ante­anal setae (aas); sternite (as) without ventral abdominal setae (avs); caudal extension (ce) rounded, with 2 fs + 1 hs pleural setae (longest about 40µm). Glandular pouch (gp) present, deep; each with 2 glandular pouch setae (gls), each 83–115µm long. Genital segment : penial sheath (ps) quite short, 190–217µm long and 70–80µm wide at base; about 1/8th total body length (ratio of total body length to penial sheath length 1:0.13); with more or less parallel margins and then quickly narrowing towards apex. Basal rod (bra) longer than aedeagus (aed) and not reaching basal membranous area (bma) anteriorly, length 50µm; distance to bma 70µm. Aedeagus (aed) very short, 40–45µm long (ratio of length of aedeagus to length of basal rod 1:1.12), with almost parallel sides. Penial sheath with 5 or 6 small setae (pss) along each margin, and with a few small sensilla (psp) near apex. Material examined . GREENLAND : Itivleq east, 23.vii.2003 : 1/1adΨ (good); Sydgrønland, Kap Farvel­omradet, Pamiagdluk, Anordliūitsoq; 20.vii.1970 : 2/2adΨΨ (fairpoor)(plus 1Ψ Eriococcus pseudinsignis ) ( ZMUC ). Comment. As this is the only species of Coccidae known from Greenland , the male of P. g l a c i a l i s is easily separable from the other male Coccoidea described here and makes identification highly probable. The main differences from the other males covered here are the following combination of characters: (i) long penial sheath; (ii) large membranous area on scutum; (iii) presence of distinct caudal extensions on abdominal segment VII; (iv) absence of tarsal campaniform pores; (v) claw digitules well developed; (v) antennal segments all rather elongate; (vi) gena with polygonal reticulations; (vii) ocular sclerite with polygonal reticulations throughout; (viii) wings without alar setae and alar sensoria; (ix) presence of a broad pronotal sclerite; (x) cranial apophysis well developed and obvious; (xi) absence of loculate pores except in glandular pouches; and (xii) fleshy setae frequent throughout body. The female of P. glacialis is quite similar to another arctic species, P. ellesmerensis Richards, 1964 , from Ellesmere Is., in arctic Canada . Unfortunately Richards did not describe the adult male of P. ellesmerensis and none was available during this study. Discussion. The biogeography of the Coccoidea of Greenland was discussed by Gertsson & Hodgson (2005) .