Unveiling ancient diversity of long-tailed wasps (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae): new taxa from Cretaceous Kachin and Taimyr ambers and their phylogenetic affinities Author Brazidec, Manuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-8972 Univ Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France & Institut de Syste ́ matique, E ́ volution, Biodiversite ́ (ISYEB), Muse ́ um national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite ́, EPHE, Universite ́ des Antilles, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75005 Paris, France & State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China manuel.brazidec@gmail.com Author Vilhelmsen, Lars https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-5722 Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Denmark Author Boudinot, Brendon E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-0430 Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Vor dem Neutor 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA & Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany Author Richter, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-2302 Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Vor dem Neutor 1, 07743 Jena, Germany & Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan Author Hammel, Joerg U. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-6811 Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany Author Perkovsky, Evgeny E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-4379 Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Denmark & I. I. Schmalhausen Institut of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnitskogo 15, Kiev 01030, Ukraine Author Fan, Yong Fushun Amber Institute, Fushun 113005, China Author Wang, Zhen Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Denmark & College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China Author Wu, Qiong Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Denmark & College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China Author Wang, Bo State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China Author Perrichot, Vincent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-0430 Univ Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France text Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 2024 2024-03-22 82 151 181 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.82.e111148 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.82.e111148 1864-8312-82-151 43AC036E93CC4D79939A07DF54BE1A2D 8D187145BFCA55A1A73960CDE5BD124B 3.2.1.1. Genus † Kamyristi gen. nov. Type species. † Kamyristi exfrigore sp. nov. Etymology. Anagram of Taimyrski , the Russian name of the Taimyr peninsula from where the amber pieces containing the specimens derive. Gender masculine. Diagnosis. As for tribe with the following additional characters: head shagreened; compound eye higher than long; occipital carina foveate (Figs 9C and F ); flagellomeres cylindrical and elongate. Mesosoma less than half of metasoma length; mesoscutum reduced on anterior part of mesosoma, hiding pronotum dorsally (Figs 9B and F ). Fore wing with medial cell pentagonal with 1m-cu, Cu1 and M+Cu and Cu spectral, Rs+M not aligned with M+Cu (Figs 2G, H , 9B and D ). Hind leg with scattered erect setae; one mesotibial and one metatibial spur. Figure 9. † Kamyristi gen. nov. A - C † Kamyristi exfrigore gen. et sp. nov., holotype female PIN 3730/411, Albian-Cenomanian, Taimyr amber. A habitus in lateral view; B habitus in dorsal view; C head and mesosoma in lateral view; D - F † Kamyristi yantardakhensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype male 3311/2718, Santonian, Taimyr amber; D habitus in lateral view; E habitus in ventral view; E habitus in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm ( A , B , D , E ); 0.25 mm ( C ). AG = inner axillar groove; ce = cercus; MMS = median mesoscutal sulcus; OC = occipital carina; OvS = ovipositor sheaths; pa = parameres; sp = anterior thoracic spiracle. Comments. Two species from this genus are known, both displaying numerous similarities with the extant genus Cryptalyra from South America, e.g., the elongate smooth metasoma (Fig. 9A ), the erect setae on the hind leg (Fig. 9A ) or M half pigmented (Figs 2G and H ). But † Kamyristi exfrigore gen. et sp. nov. displays the most surprising affinities to Cryptalyra : the ovipositor sheaths seem very reduced, only covering the basal part of the ovipositor (Fig. 9A ). However, the closed marginal cell (Fig. 2G and H ), the elongate flagellomeres (Fig. 9E ) and the mesosoma being shagreened instead of foveate (Fig. 9C ) indicate that it is not closely related to Cryptalyra . Examination of more female specimens will be necessary to confirm if reduced ovipositor sheaths are a diagnostic character for this genus. † Kamyristi gen. nov. species are the smallest megalyrids in Asia. Due to the fore wing venation and absence of a sulcus on the vertex, this new genus resembles Dinapsini with Rs reduced. Another difference is the posterior head sculpture, distinctly shagreened, whereas it is reticulate for the extant dinapsine species. Finally, the lack of grooves behind the eyes and of a dorsal carina on the subantennal groove makes the placement in Dinapsini doubtful; they are similarly absent in † Valaa delclosi . According to Shaw (1990a) , these characters are relatively homoplasious. The placement of † Kamyristi gen. nov. in the Dinapsini is not corroborated by the phylogenetic analyses (see below).