A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China Author Li, Zhao-Yi Author Zhang, Feng text Journal of Natural History 2024 2024-01-28 58 1 - 4 167 188 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267 journal article 291177 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267 b4ad8e07-8e56-4f2d-b09c-145a3f96648d 1464-5262 10831879 Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 , stat. resurr. ( Figures 1 , 9 ) Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song et al . 1990: 427 , figs. 1–4 ( ♂ ♀ ); Song et al . 1999: 412 , figs. 241E–F, 243C–D ( ♂ ♀ ); Yin et al . 2012: 1044 , fig. 542a–e ( ♂ ♀ ); Esyunin and Zamani 2020: 1313. Cheiracanthium approximatum Marusik et al . 2020: 341 , figs. 8, 13–15, 16–17 ( ♂ ♀ , misidentified ) For a full bibliography and synonymy concerning this species see Esyunin and Zamani (2020). Diagnosis The males ( Figure 1e–g ) are similar to those of C. iranicum Esyunin and Zamani, 2020 (Esyunin and Zaman 2020: 1315, figs. 3a–f, 4) in having a similar lamellar median apophysis, beak-shaped cymbial spur and similar edge of cymbium, but can be distinguished by: (1) RTA wavy and with a pointed apex (vs RTA linear and distally slightly expanded with a lateral notch at the top in C. iranicum ; (2) the median apophysis with a slightly rounded apex (vs lanceolate in C. iranicum ). The females ( Figure 1c–d ) are similar to those of C. subinsulanum Li and Zhang, 2019 ( Li and Zhang 2019 , p. 88, figs. 2B–C, 3A–B) in having a globular spermatheca, but can be distinguished by: (1) the thinner copulatory ducts (ca. 1/2 diameter of the spermathecae in C. adjacensoides vs 3/4 diameter of the spermathecae in C. subinsulanum ); (2) atrium transverse oval in ventral view, ca. 2 times wider than long (vs almost circular, width almost equivalent to length in C. subinsulanum ). Redescription Male . ( Figure 1b ) One specimen was measured: total length 5.18: carapace length 2.41, width 1.93; abdomen length 2.77, width 1.72. Carapace brown with indistinct radial stripes. Chelicerae dark brown, both margins with 3 teeth. Sternum, labium and endites brown. Legs yellowish, without distinct colour markings. Leg measurements: I 15.84 (4.03, 1.09, 4.45, 4.60, 1.67), II 9.95 (2.63, 0.82, 2.43, 3.04, 1.03), III 6.84 (1.89, 0.78, 1.69, 1.92, 0.56), IV 11.17 (3.29, 0.62, 2.71, 3.72, 0.83). Abdomen lanceolate, dorsally grey, with black hairs and a narrow medial longitudinal band enclosed by U-shaped light spots. Palp as illustrated . ( Figure 1e–g ) Tibia long, about as long as cymbium; RTA long and sclerotised, ca. 1/2 of tibia length, thumb-shaped, sharply pointed and twisted around the axis from ventral view; cymbium almost 2 times longer than wide; cymbial furrow short and shallow, about 1/3 cymbium length; cymbial spur approximately as long as RTA, with beaked point at apex from retrolateral view; tegulum nearly rounded; median apophysis membranous, nearly belt-shaped and with broad tip; embolus originating from the retrolateral tegulum, about 2 o’clock position, extending clockwise along the tegular margin, then curving to the tip of conductor; conductor membranous, lying at tegular tip; sperm duct indistinct. Figure 1. Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 , male and female from Hainan, China. (a) female habitus, dorsal view; (b) male habitus, dorsal view; (c) epigyne, ventral view; (d) vulva, dorsal view; (e) left male palp, prolateral view; (f) same, ventral view; (g) same, retrolateral view. Female . ( Figure 1a ) Distinctly larger than male. One specimen was measured: total length 10.01: carapace length 3.64, width 2.82; abdomen length 6.37, width 4.74. Carapace brown, radial striaes colour dark than other parts besides eye area. Leg measurements: I 13.51 (3.68, 1.12, 3.56, 3.77, 1.38), II 10.67 (2.76,1.08, 2.79, 3.02, 1.02), III 8.58 (2.34, 0.97, 1.81, 2.46, 1.00), IV 11.51 (3.25, 1.01, 2.83, 3.21, 1.21). Abdomen oval, dorsally yellowish white. Epigyne . ( Figure 1c–d ) Atrium large, ca. 2 times wider than long, located at middle portion of epigynal plate, with heavily sclerotised and ‘()’ shaped lateral margins, anterior and posterior margins inconspicuous; 2 copulatory openings located at lateral margins of atrium; part of dark copulatory duct and spermathecae visible through tegument of epigynal plate in ventral view; spermathecae globular, located posteriorly, spaced by about 2 diameters; the copulatory ducts ascending and then folding backward and descending into the spermathecae. Material examined CHINA : Hainan . 2♂ 2♀ , Changjiang County , Bawangling Nature Reserve , 18 May 2009 , Guangxin Han leg; 1♂ , Bawangling Nature Reserve , 8 November 2008 , Feng Zhang leg; 1♀ , Bawangling Nature Reserve , 31 May 2011 , Chao Zhang leg; 1♀ , Lingao County , Gaoshanling Nature Reserve , 21 July 2007 , Feng Zhang leg. Other material examined. CHINA : Yunnan : 1♂ 2♀ , Dali City , Erhai Lake , 8 March 2002 , Zhizhong Yang leg; 1♂ 1♀ , Mengla County , Shangyong Town , 23 May 2017 , 21.2436°N , 101.7105°E , 776 m , Beibei Zhou leg; 1♂ 1♀ , Mengla County , Menglun Town , 14 July 2018 , 21.9642°N , 101.2108°E , 641 m , Chi Jin leg. Guangxi : 1♀ , Chongzuo County , Luobai Town , Officer White-Headed Langur Ecological Park , 20 August 2004 , Mingsheng Zhu leg; 1♂ , Nanning City , Liangjiang Town , Neichao Village , 7 August 2018 , 23.4934°N , 108.3578°E , 186 m , Baoshi Zhang leg . Xizang : 1♂ , Zayu County , Xiachayu Town , 8 August 2002 , Mingsheng Zhu leg . Guizhou : 1♀ , Weining County , Forestry Seedling Station , 20 August 2017 , 26.8024°N , 104.3442°E , 2182 m , Chi Jin leg . Hunan : 2♂ 1♀ , Zhangjiajie City , Tianzi Mountain , 8 June 2002 , Zhisheng Zhang leg . Sichuan : 1♀ , Nanchong City , Huafeng Town , 3 November 2012 , Xiangwei Meng leg . Chongqing : 1♀ , Beibei District , Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve , 11 July 2007 , Fuming Shi leg . Distribution China ( Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Xizang , Taiwan , Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing), Philippines . Remarks Marusik et al . (2020) redescribed C. approximatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 , and proposed C. adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 be synonymised with C. approximatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 . However, when we examined the illustrations of those two species ( Song et al . 1990 , p. 427, figs. 3–4; Marusik et al . 2020 , p. 342, figs. 10– 12), we found that they can be easily distinguished by the shape of the median apophysis (complex, with two lobes in C. approximatum , vs nearly belt-shaped in C. adjacensoides ). Therefore, we consider that C. adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 should be regarded as a valid taxon. This result is consistent with the findings of Esyunin and Zamani (2020). In addition, the specimens ( 1♀ 1♂ ) from Punjab in Marusik et al . (2020) (figs. 8, 13– 15, 17) are misidentified; they have the same genital characteristics as C. adjacensoides ( Figure 1c–g ) and in fact belong to C. adjacensoides .