Six new species of Aspidophorodon Verma, 1967 (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae) from China Author Xu, Ying Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 - 5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China & Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Bagishamol Str., 232 b, Tashkent 100053, Uzbekistan Author Jiang, Li-Yun Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 - 5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China jiangliyun@gmail.com Author Chen, Jing Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 - 5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China Author Kholmatov, Bakhtiyor Rustamovich College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China Author Qiao, Ge-Xia Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 - 5 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China & Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Bagishamol Str., 232 b, Tashkent 100053, Uzbekistan qiaogx@ioz.ac.cn text ZooKeys 2022 2022-06-16 1106 1 55 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.77912 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.77912 1313-2970-1106-1 27BB738A103E4081BF6644F645E207A4 12219E01D4A55BE3941B1909590F82A3 Aspidophorodon (Eoessigia) vera Stekolshchikov & Novgorodova, 2010 Aspidophorodon (Eoessigia) vera Stekolshchikov & Novgorodova, 2010: 39. Host plant. Potentilla fruticosa . Distribution. Russia (the Altai Republic). Figure 21. The ecological photos of Aspidophorodon in the field A an aptera of Aspidophorodon capitatum Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. on underside of leaf B, C the apterae and nymphs of Aspidophorodon longituberculatum (Zhang, Zhong & Zhang) on main veins and part lateral veins of underside of leaf D, E the apterae, alatae and nymphs of Aspidophorodon longituberculatum (Zhang, Zhong & Zhang) on main veins and part lateral veins of underside of leaves F an aptera and a nymph of Aspidophorodon harvense Verma on a twig G the apterae of Aspidophorodon obtusum Qiao on underside of leaf H-J the apterae and nymphs of Aspidophorodon salicis Miyazaki on underside of leaf. Biology. The species feeds along the margins on the underside of leaves of its host plant ( Stekolshchikov and Novgorodova 2010 ). Figure 22. The ecological photos of Aspidophorodon in the field A, B the apterae and nymphs of Aspidophorodon furcatum Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. on undersides of leaves C-E the apterae and nymphs of Aspidophorodon indicum (David, Rajasingh & Narayanan) on main veins of upperside of leaves F the fundatrices of Aspidophorodon indicum (David, Rajasingh & Narayanan) on main vein of upperside of leaf. DNA barcoding The final alignments of COI sequences consisted of 658 nucleotides, including 119 parsimony-informative sites. Pairwise sequence divergences of the gene among the Aspidophorodon species are presented in Table 4 . The interspecific genetic distances of new species and known species averaged 6.98% (range: 3.93%-8.97%) for COI closely corresponding to the divergence of Aspidophorodon taxa base on four species (mean: 6.88%; range: 5.29%-7.68%) ( Chen et al. 2015 ). The validity of species was well-supported on NJ tree (>95% bootstrap) (Fig. 23 ). At the same time, Aspidophorodon cornuatum and Aspidophorodon longituberculatum formed a clade (Fig. 23 ) and the genetic distance between the two species is 0.00%-0.46%, so the result proved A. cornuatum was a junior synonym of A. longituberculatum . However, the subgenera were not monophyletic groups on NJ tree, and this needs more evidence and more samples to prove. In this study, we also followed the traditional taxonomic system to divide two subgenera in Aspidophorodon . According to the distinct morphological characteristics in description and interspecific genetic distances between species, the six new species were supported. Table 4. Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances among Aspidophorodon species samples based on COI.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1. A. capitatum sp. nov. - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2. A. cornuatum syn. nov. 0.082 - - - - - - - - - - - -
3. A. furcatum sp. nov. 0.079 0.085 - - - - - - - - - - -
4. A. harvense 0.069 0.058 0.072 - - - - - - - - - -
5. A. indicum 0.079 0.065 0.076 0.070 - - - - - - - - -
6. A. longicauda 0.075 0.079 0.078 0.075 0.073 - - - - - - - -
7. A. longicornutum sp. nov. 0.069 0.070 0.064 0.054 0.072 0.066 - - - - - - -
8. A. longirostre sp. nov. 0.077 0.075 0.056 0.062 0.070 0.070 0.056 - - - - - -
9. A. longituberculatum 0.080 0.005 0.085 0.057 0.066 0.080 0.069 0.076 - - - - -
10. A. musaicum 0.074 0.060 0.077 0.065 0.081 0.075 0.072 0.076 0.061 - - - -
11. A. obtusirostre sp. nov. 0.076 0.067 0.079 0.057 0.052 0.078 0.070 0.074 0.067 0.084 - - -
12. A. obtusum 0.074 0.050 0.064 0.062 0.074 0.078 0.069 0.081 0.047 0.065 0.081 - -
13. A. reticulatum sp. nov. 0.079 0.062 0.086 0.072 0.080 0.077 0.071 0.090 0.061 0.072 0.086 0.039 -
14. A. salicis 0.079 0.074 0.088 0.073 0.072 0.071 0.063 0.064 0.073 0.068 0.086 0.075 0.085
Figure 23. Neighbour-joining tree for Aspidophorodon samples based on COI sequences.