First records of Parahelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 and Pseudohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 from Vanuatu, with description of a new species of Parahelice (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) Author Hsu, Jhih-Wei National Chung Hsing University, Department of Life Science, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Author Shih, Hsi-Te National Chung Hsing University, Department of Life Science and Global Change Biology Research Center, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-07-04 5476 1 138 151 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.14 journal article 299687 10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.14 83be1d12-3615-41b3-9b8f-b1490f55488e 1175-5326 12724044 59712C82-A1A8-43F8-9B15-7FD4B43DC0E0 Parahelice pilimana (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 ) ( Fig. 3 ) Helice pilimana A. Milne-Edwards, 1873: 313 (part), pl. 18(1a) [not pl. 18(1, 1b) = Pse. subquadrata ] ( type locality: New Caledonia ); Serène 1968: 109 (list). Pseudohelice ( Parahelice ) pilimana .— K. Sakai et al . 2006: 50 , figs. 65, 71, 73, 82, 83 (part?) ( New Caledonia ; Indonesia : Lombok; Maluku ; Flores ). Parahelice pilimana .— Ng et al . 2008: 227 (list); Nishigaki et al . 2011: 88 , figs. 2, 3 (part) [not fig. 2F = Par. daviei ] (Ishigaki, Japan ); Sasaki 2019 : 12937 ; Shih et al . 2020: 255 , figs. 3, 4 (Taiwan); Maenosono et al . 2020: 3 , fig. 1C, D. FIGURE 3. Parahelice pilimana (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 ) . A–F, male (11.2 × 9.0 mm, ZRC 2023.0247). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, outer view of left male cheliped; D, left male suborbital crista; E, F, dorsal view of male right G1. TABLE 2 . Matrix of percentage pairwise nucleotide divergence with Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances (lower left) and mean numbers of differences (upper right) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) within and between species of Parahelice and Pseudohelice (see Table 1 and Fig. 5 ). Values of the range are shown in parentheses.

Intraspecific	Interspecific
Nucleotide divergence	Mean nucleotide difference	Pse. annamalai	Pse. latreillii	Pse. subquadrata	Par. daviei	Par. sp. 1	Par. sp. 2	Par. ngankeeae	Par. pilimana	Par. pilosa
Pse. annamalai	0.21 (0–0.77)	1.38 (0–5)	23.39 (22–26)	13.32 (10–17)	82.47 (80–85)	81.75 (81–93)	83.75 (83–85)	91.54 (90–96)	87.36 (86–90)	86.75 (85–89)
Pse. latreillii	0.39 (0–1.86)	2.51 (0–12)	3.67 (3.45–4.1)	25.18 (21–32)	95.0 (91–97)	84.45 (83–85)	83.64 (82–84)	90.74 (87–93)	91.14 (90–95)	84.36 (80–86)
Pse. subquadrata	0.77 (0–1.39)	5.03 (0–9)	2.06 (1.54–2.65)	3.97 (3.28–5.09)	86.79 (84–90)	80.15 (79–90)	86.64 (84–87)	96.42 (95–100)	89.43 (88–92)	91.52 (88–94)
Par. daviei	0.50 (0–1.38)	3.28 (0–9)	14.49 (13.51–15.1)	16.43 (15.62– 16.84)	14.80 (14.26–15.42)	80.15 (79–82)	76.46 (75–79)	96.42 (95–102)	100.12 (98–103)	82.88 (78–88)
Par. sp. 1	0 (0)	0 (0)	13.90 (13.76–14.15)	14.42 (14.13– 14.52)	14.98 (14.54–15.52)	13.51 (13.29– 13.87)	21.0 (21)	57.57 (57–61)	92.86 (92–93)	57.63 (56–58)
Par. sp. 2	-	-	14.28 (14.12–14.52)	14.24 (13.92– 14.31)	14.85 (14.33–14.92)	12.85 (12.57– 13.34)	3.28 (3.28)	61.57 (61–65)	88.86 (88–89)	52.5 (50–53)
Par. ngankeeae	0.18 (0–0.61)	1.14 (0–4)	15.75 (15.44–16.68)	15.58 (14.83– 16.04)	16.83 (16.45–17.48)	16.72 (16.43– 17.85)	9.51 (9.41– 10.13)	10.26 (10.16– 10.89)	98.48 (88–100)	67.07 (64–71)
Par. pilimana	0.20 (0–0.61)	1.33 (0–4)	14.81 (14.55–15.33)	15.54 (15.31– 16.30)	15.22 (14.93–15.72)	17.46 (17.04– 18.06)	15.96 (15.79– 15.99)	15.15 (14.98– 15.18)	17.05 (14.98– 17.35)	93.11 (88–94)
Par. pilosa	0.45 (0–1.54)	2.93 (0–10)	14.85 (14.50–15.30)	14.36 (13.51– 14.68)	15.81 (15.10–16.33)	14.07 (13.13– 15.08)	9.57 (9.27–9.64)	8.65 (8.2–8.74)	11.27 (10.7–12.0)	16.05 (15.03– 16.23)

Material examined. 3 males (11.2 × 9.0, 10.0 × 8.1, 6.8 × 5.7 mm ), ZRC 2023.0247 , st. VM4, between Rose Point and Nasouli River , Sanma Province , Espiritu Santo Island , Vanuatu , coll. SANTO 2006 Marine Biodiversity Survey , 11 Sep. 2006 . Diagnosis. Carapace ( Fig. 3A ) quadrate, slightly broader than long, ca. 1.2 times as broad as long; surface convex, irregularly punctate and granulate, with noticeable epigastric groove. Frontal margin slightly concave in both dorsal and anterior views.Anterolateral margin with 3 teeth. Suborbital cristae ( Fig. 3D ) in male heteromorphic, mesial part with 3–6 rounded and 4–6 elongated tubercles, lateral part with 1 elongated, laterally, particularly vertically inflated crest, ending with 2 rounded tubercles. Chelipedal palm ( Fig. 3C ) stout, surface finely punctate; usually unequal in male, distinct patch of setae at base of fingers, mostly expanding onto fixed finger; chelipeds in females usually equal, distinct patch of setae at base of fingers but less than in males. Ambulatory legs broad, anterior margins of meri, carpi, and propodi covered with short setae. G1 ( Fig. 3E–F ) slender, slightly curved towards distal end, tapering; female vulvae sunken in lateral part, with elongate semicircular sternal cover. Distribution. From southern Ryukyus ( Japan ), Pingtung (Taiwan), Lombok, Maluku , Flores (Indonesia) , Vanuatu , to New Caledonia (K. Sakai et al. 2006 ; Shih et al. 2020 ; Maenosono et al. 2020 ; Shih et al . 2020 ; this study). Remarks. This species can be easily separated from other species in Parahelice by the male suborbital cristae. The lateral part has an elongated, laterally, particularly vertically inflated crest in Par. pilimana ( Fig. 3D ; Shih et al. 2020 : fig. 4C) [vs. crest not particularly vertically inflated in other species (K. Sakai et al . 2006 : figs. 60–66; Shih et al. 2020 : figs. 2C, 6C)]. Parahelice pilimana is a newly recorded species to Vanuatu , within its distributional range in the western Pacific Ocean, from southern Ryukyus to New Caledonia (see above distribution).