North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) Author Prous, Marko Author Kramp, Katja Author Liston 1, Veli VikbergAndrew text Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2017 59 1 190 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12565 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12565 1314-2607-59-1 598C5BB321364D91B522FA14D8874A52 Pristiphora borea (Konow, 1904) Fig. 212 Nematus astutus Cameron, 1885: 77-78. Nomen oblitum. Syntypes (♀♂) have not been found ( Lindqvist 1952 ). Type locality: not stated. Synonymised with P. borea by Liston et al. (2006) . Lygaeonematus boreus Konow, 1904: 196-197 (key). Nomen protectum. See Liston, Taeger and Blank (2006). Syntype ♂ (GBIF-GISHym3908) in SDEI, examined (severely damaged, abdomen missing). Type locality: Kanin Peninsula, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, and Vassijaure, Torne Lappmark, Sweden. Pachynematus lapponicus Enslin, 1916: 462-463. 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ syntypes in ZSM, examined. Type locality: Lappland, Europe. Synonymised with Lygaeonematus boreus by Lindqvist (1952) . Similar species. Species limits in the carinata group are still unclear. Genetic data. Based on COI barcode sequences, specimens of the carinata group are divided between four BIN clusters (BOLD:AAF4995, BOLD:ABU8603, BOLD:ACL1744, BOLD:ACL1745), which form a monophyletic group (Fig. 5). Minimal distances between these clusters are 1.2%-4.48%. Because of unresolved taxonomy, it is not yet clear how different species are divided among these BIN clusters. Based on nuclear data, maximum divergence within the group is 2.2% (based on ten specimens and TPI) and the nearest neighbour is 1.5% ( P. pseudocoactula , both genes combined) or 1.0% different ( P. wesmaeli , only NaK). Host plants. Betula nana L. ( Bland and Liston 1999 , ex ovo rearing experiments by VV). Rearing notes. Ovipositing experiment no. 10/1970: Finland, North Karelia, Kontiolahti, Selkie. On 28-29.V. 1970 one captured female laid several eggs in pockets near leaf-margin on underside of the young leaves of Betula nana . Larvae hatched on 2.VI.1970 and 6 larval instars were observed; larvae eat margins of leaves. Last instar was some 30-40 days long. No "extra" moult after feeding, prepupae were seen on 27.VII.-12.VIII.1970. Ovipositing experiment no. 15/1970: Finland, North Karelia, Tuupovaara. One captured female laid several eggs on leaves of Betula nana ; she did not lay any eggs on Vaccinium uliginosum . Larvae developed, as in earlier experiment. Ovipositing experiments 17/1970 and 18/1970: Finland, North Karelia, Kontiolahti, Venejoki. Two females laid many eggs on Betula nana , but respectively no and only two eggs on Vaccinium uliginosum . Otherwise very similar results as in previous two experiments. Ovipositing experiments no. 4/1988, 5/1988, 6/1988, and 7/1988: Finland, South Haeme , Janakkala, Suurisuo. Four captured females laid eggs on 26-27.V.1988 in pockets on undersurface of leaves of Betula nana , four larval instars were observed in all rearings and last instar lasted long. Larvae observed on Betula pubescens var. pumila (L.) Govaerts (= Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii ) in Saana, Finnish Lapland on 27.VII.1971. Distribution and material examined. West Palaearctic, Nearctic. Specimens studied are from Finland and Russia (Nenets Autonomous Okrug).