Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Province and its boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species Author Cherman, Mariana Alejandra Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Author Basílio, Daniel Silva 0000-0003-3556-5880 Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & basilio. dsb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3556 - 5880 basilio.dsb@gmail.com Author Mise, Kleber Makoto 0000-0003-4391-9589 Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & klebermise @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4391 - 9589 klebermise@yahoo.com.br Author Frisch, Johannes Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Author Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De 0000-0003-4277-711X Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & lalmeida @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4277 - 711 X lalmeida@ufpr.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-02-25 4938 1 1 59 journal article 7835 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.1 045b347a-4a5b-474f-b69f-1cd3fedf7678 1175-5326 4561258 074E95CD-E7C0-4098-93F0-70DE03CAD0D0 Liogenys pallens Blanchard, 1851 Figs. 17 ; 25 . Liogenys pallens Blanchard, 1851: 167 ; Lacordaire 1855: 269 (revision, systematics); Harold 1869: 1140 (checklist); Bruch 1911: 200 (checklist); Dalla Torre 1913: 318 (checklist); Blackwelder 1944: 227 (checklist); Frey 1969: 49 , 61 (key, redescription); Krajčík 2012: 145 (checklist); Evans 2003: 212 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 180 (checklist). Liogenys fulvescens Blanchard, 1851: 167 ; Lacordaire 1855: 269 (revision, systematics); Harold 1869: 1140 (checklist); Dalla Torre 1913: 318 (checklist); Blackwelder 1944: 227 (checklist); Frey 1969: 50 , 61 (key, redescription); Evans 2003: 209 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 178 (checklist); Krajčík 2012: 145 (checklist) New synonym. Liogenys flavicollis Frey, 1964: 693 ; Frey 1969: 40 (key); Evans 2003: 209 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 177 (checklist); Krajčík 2012: 144 (checklist). New synonym. Type material . Liogenys pallens male lectotype here designated ( MNHN ): [white handwritten] “ Montevideo . / 7 bre 8 bre / 1820.”, [light green, typeset and handwritten] “MUSÉUM PARIS / Montevideo ”, [green handwritten] “ L. pallens / Cat. Mus. / Montevideo / M. A. St Hilaire. ”, [red typeset] “ SYNTYPE ”, [white, outlined red, typeset] “ LECTOTYPE / Liogenys pallens / Blanchard, 1851 / Cherman M. A. 2015”, genitalia mounted . Liogenys fulvescens female lectotype here designated ( MNHN ): [white handwritten] “ Montevideo . / 7 bre 8 bre / 1820.”, [light green, typeset and handwritten] “MUSÉUM PARIS / Montevideo ”, [green handwritten] “ L. fulvescens / Cat. Mus. / Montevideo / M. A. St Hilaire.”, [red typeset] “ SYNTYPE ”, [white, outlined red, typeset] “ LECTOTYPE / Liogenys fulvescens / Blanchard, 1851 / Cherman M. A. 2015”. Paralectotype (1): One female ( MNHN ) with the labels: [white handwritten] “Del’emb. / del’uruguay / jusqu’aux / missions”, [light green typeset] “MUSÉUM PARIS”, [red typeset] “ SYNTYPE ”, [white, outlined red, typeset] “ PARALECTOTYPE / Liogenys fulvescens / Blanchard, 1851 / Cherman M. A. 2015”. Liogenys flavicollis female holotype ( NHMB ) : [white typeset] “ ♀ ”, [white handwritten] “ Formosa / Gran Guardia / XI.52”, [red typeset] “TYPE”, [white handwritten] “ Typus ♀ / Liogenys flavicollis / n. sp. / [typeset] det. G. Frey 1964 ”. Paratypes (2): One female with the same label as the holotype ( NHMB ) . One female with the labels: [white handwritten] “ Formosa / Gran Guardia / XI.52”, [red typeset] “TYPE”, [white handwritten] “Typus F / Liogenys flavicollis / n. sp. / [typeset] det. G. Frey 1964 ”, [white typeset] “H. & A. HOWDEN / COLLECTION / ex. A. Martínez coll.”, [white typeset] “Canadian Museum of / Musée Canadian de la / NATURE / CMNEN 00018922” ( CMNC ) . Non-type material (79). Without country locality, date, and collector, 2 females ( ZMHB ). PARAGUAY : Asunción, IX.1952 , M. Alvarenga , 3 females ( DZUP ). ARGENTINA : without locality: Stempelm , 3 females ( MZSP ); Kraatz , 1 male and 5 females ( SDEI ); Formosa : Clorinda , 26.IX.1937 , without collector, 2 males ( MLPA ); Chaco : Antequera , Departamento Primero de Mayo , 27°26.500’S 58°51.459’W , 52 m , 22.XII.2014 , M. Ibarra Polesel , 1 specimen ; Estación San Francisco , Departamento San Fernando , 27°30’35.90’’S 59° 4’47.60’’W , 54 m , 16– 17.X.2013 , M. Ibarra Polesel , 1 specimen (CARTROUNNE); Santiago del Estero : without locality, E.R. Wagner , 1 female ( MLPA ); 7.XI.1963 , Cartwright , 1 female ( NHMB ); Girardet , without date and collector, 1 male ( MLPA ); Choya , 27.XI.1962 , without collector, 1 male ( NHMB ); Catamarca : without locality, date, and collector, 1 male ( MLPA ); La Rioja : 20 km N La Rioja , 25.IX.1968 , without collector, 5 males and 1 female ( AMNH ), Córdoba : without locality, date, and collector, 3 males and 6 females ( ZMHB ); without locality, date, and collector, 2 females ( MLPA ); Córdoba , 10.XI.1903 , C. Bruch , 1 male ( ZMHB ); San Luis : Potrero de los Funes , 20.XII.2012 , M.A. Cherman , 1 female ( DZUP ); El Milagro , Ayacucho , XI.1966 , A. Martínez , 1 female ( CMNC ); Mendoza : without locality, date, and collector, 5 males and 11 females . ( ZMHB ), without date, Jensen-Haarup , 1 female ( ZMUC ); Pedregal Railway Station , El Pedregal , Maipú , without date, Jensen-Haarup , 6 males and 8 females ( ZMUC ); Santa Rosa Railway Station , Santa Rosa , Jensen-Haarup , 1 female ( ZMUC ); Santa Rosa , Ñancuñan , 33º50’81.5’’S 67º53’71.7’’W, 5.I. 2005 , 540 m, E. Ruiz , 1 male ( IADIZA ); Santa Rosa , Ñancuñan , 34°2’57.840’’S 67° 58’0.480’’W , 11.II.1982 , S. Claver & S. Roig , 1 male ( IADIZA ); La Pampa : Santa Rosa, XI.1961 , Daguerre, 1 female ( NHMB ); (1) Buenos Aires : La Plata , without date and collector, 1 female ( ZMHB ). FIGURE 17. Liogenys pallens Blanchard, 1851 male lectotype: A) dorsal, D) labels, G) lateral, H) pygidium, and parameres: I) dorsal, J) lateral. Liogenys fulvescens Blanchard, 1851 female lectotype: B) dorsal, E) labels. Liogenys flavicollis Frey, 1964 female holotype: C) dorsal, F) labels. Diagnosis . Length: 12.0– 15.5 mm ; width 5.7–7.3 mm . Body elongate, dull yellow, more uniform in color in males ( Fig. 17A ) than in females ( Fig. 17 B–C) semi-opaque to shiny, head and base of elytra darker; distance between eyes twice as wide as one eye in males, wider in females; clypeus in males long, clypeal emargination shallow, rounded, almost straight, wider than the frons; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex, projection sharp or blunt; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye as long as one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and the adjacent anterior tooth equal to the basal width of the anterior tooth; obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; in females, clypeal emargination deep, rounded, wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex, projection sharp; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and the adjacent anterior tooth equal to or longer than the basal width of the anterior tooth; right angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; antenna with 10 antennomeres; pronotal posterior corners rounded; scutellum ogival, finely punctate throughout; three dark protibial teeth, middle and apical equally large; distance between basal and middle teeth longer than between middle and apical; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section, with two transversal carinae, the apical carina incomplete in males, complete in females; inner margin of male metatibia not carinate; two metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly; metatarsomere I shorter than metatarsomere II; in males protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres I to IV strongly enlarged; claw bifid, symmetrical, inferior tooth strongly reduced; pygidium convex, pygidial disc glabrous or slightly with bristles on apex, finely punctate, coarser in females; pygidial apex rounded ( Fig. 17H ); parameres, basal region equal in width to the parameres at the midline; parameral split at the apical third; inner margins of parameres straight; parameres narrower subapically; apex strongly bent downwards, ventral surface expanded laterally forming an acute angle ( Fig. 17I ); parameres in lateral view straight, not coplanar ( Fig. 17J ). Type locality . Liogenys pallens and L. fulvescens : URUGUAY , Montevideo ; L. flavicollis : ARGENTINA , Formosa , Gran Guardia. Geographical distribution . PARAGUAY ( Asunción ); ARGENTINA (Formosa, Chaco , Santiago del Estero, Catamarca , La Rioja , Córdoba , San Luis , Mendoza , La Pampa , Buenos Aires ); URUGUAY (Montevideo). Remarks . Frey (1969) designated a neotype for L. pallens , which is housed at the NHMB. As we found the primary type of Blanchard (1851) at the MNHN ( Fig. 17A, D ), the former must be invalidated (Article 75.8, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999 ). Despite Blanchard (1851) mentioned a range of length in L. pallens description, we found a single type specimen, which is here designated as the lectotype . This species has a strong sexual dimorphism and many characters vary within its distribution. A large series with males and females from the same collection event from Mendoza ( Argentina ) allowed the association of males and females. After comparing the male lectotype of L. pallens , the female lectotype of L. fulvescens ( Fig. 17B, E ) and the female holotype of L. flavicollis ( Fig. 17C, F ), we propose that both latter names are synonyms of L. pallens .