Revision of the javanicus species group of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of five new species from China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) Author Zhao, Yi College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Author Guo, Wan-Ru College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Author Golovatch, Sergei I. Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia sgolovatch@yandex.ru Author Liu, Wei-Xin College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China da2000wei@163.com text ZooKeys 2022 2022-06-23 1108 89 118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156 1313-2970-1108-89 DB9FDD0F5FDF4B028E0B003EAE84EC91 4C588406675B5E2F8199E4C9DF13E485 Glyphiulus conuliformis Zhao & Liu sp. nov. Figs 5E , 8 , 9 Type material. Holotype ♂ (SCAU G24), China, Guangdong Province, Yangjiang City, Yangchun, Cave Yanzi Dong, 22°5'N , 111°36'50"E , 400 m alt., 2016-X-29, leg. Tian Mingyi, Chen Mengzhen & Wang Dianmei. Paratypes : 2 ♂, 26 ♀ (SCAU G24), same data as the holotype. Etymology. To emphasise the metatergal anterior tubercles being very sharp and coniform. Diagnosis. Differs from congeners of the Glyphiulus formosus -group by the conical shape of the anterior tubercles of metaterga and by the first segment of the telopodite being significantly enlarged in ♂ legs 1, combined with the anterior gonopod process being slender, finger-shaped and curved inwards distally. Based on molecular evidence, G. conuliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. differs from all other Glyphiulus species analysed in a> 17.0% uncorrected p-distance of the COI barcoding gene. Description. Length ca. 32.5-37.0 (♂) or 47.0-58.0 mm (♀), mid-body rings round in cross-section, their width and height similar, 1.7-2.0 mm (♂) or 2.2-3.0 mm (♀). Body with 48-53 (♂) or 57-67 (♀) podous + 2-4 apodous rings + telson. Colouration dark brownish, head and legs yellowish (Fig. 5E ). Head surface smooth. Labrum with four teeth anteromedially (Fig. 9C ). Ocellaria blackish, with 12-22 ommatidia arranged in 2-3 irregular linear rows (Fig. 9A ). Antennae slender, slightly clavate, reaching back to middle of rings 2 and 3; in length, antennomeres 5> 3> 2 ≈ 4> 6> 1> 7. Antennomeres 5-7 each with a distodorsal field or corolla of bacilliform sensilla (sensory bacilli). Antennomere 7 with four sensory cones (Fig. 9B ). Gnathochilarium with a separate promentum, polytrichous on promentum and mentum, lamellae linguales each with 6-7 setae (Fig. 9C ). Mandible not dissected. Collum : crests complete and evident; carinotaxy formula I-III+P+M (Figs 8A, B ). Following metaterga strongly crested, anterior tubercles very sharp and coniform; carinotaxy formula 2/2+I/i+3/3 (Fig. 8 ). Ozoporiferous tubercles very large, coniform (Figs 8C, D ). Tegument delicately alveolate-areolate, fine longitudinal striations in front of stricture. Rings 2 and 3 with long pleural flaps. Figure 8. Glyphiulus conuliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A, B anterior body rings, dorsal and lateral views C, D mid-body rings, dorsal and lateral views, respectively E, F posterior body rings, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviation: ot: ozoporiferous tubercle. Epiproct simple, caudal edge with a very low central protrusion, dorsally with an obvious sharp tubercle (Fig. 8E ). Paraprocts regularly convex, each with several irregular rows of setae (Fig. 8F ). Hypoproct transversely bean-shaped, with 3+3 small setae. Legs slender, about 1.3 times as long as mid-body height; claw with a small accessory spine at base, about 1/6 as long as claw (Fig. 9D ). ♂ legs 1 very strongly reduced, represented by a sternum showing a pair of small, unfused, paramedian, subunciform prongs directed forward, with about 4-5+4-5 long setae at base; flanked by strongly separated, rudimentary, 2-segmented, asymmetric leg vestiges, first segment significantly enlarged (Fig. 9F ). ♂ legs 2 slightly hypertrophied, coxae large; penes rather small, much shorter than coxae, oblong-subtrapeziform, each with 1 or 2 strong setae distolaterally (Fig. 9H ). ♂ legs 3 modified through coxae being especially slender and elongate (Fig. 9E ). ♂ femora 6 and 7 normal, without modifications. Figure 9. Glyphiulus conuliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head and collum B right antenna, oral view C gnathochilarium D mid-leg and claw E leg 3, caudal view F leg 1, frontal view G ♀ paratype, vulvae H penes I anterior gonopods, caudal view J, K posterior gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.5 mm ( A-E ), 0.2 mm ( F-K ). Anterior gonopods (Fig. 9I ) with a broad and plate-shaped coxosternum supplied with about 14-16 microsetae near distal margin; apicomesal process of coxite high, slender and digitiform, curved inwards distally. Telopodite very large and stout, coiled, 1-segmented, lateral in position, almost parallel to lateral corner of coxite, with a field of 8-16 microspinules at base and five strong setae apically. Posterior gonopods (Figs 9J, K ) compact. Coxite subtrapezoid, with a longitudinal field of 22-24 basolateral microspinules in frontal view and a slanted field of 32-36 median microspinules in caudal view; apical and mesal parts of coxite with dense, strong and curved setae. Lamelliform lobe membranous, with a rather short and broad flagellum. Vulvae very simple, bare, M-shaped (Fig. 9G ). Remark. In the absence of direct troglomorphic traits, this species can only be considered as troglophilic at most.