Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA Author Zeng, Yongsan Author Ye, Weimin Author Tredway, Lane Author Martin, Samuel Author Martin, Matt text Zootaxa 2012 3452 1 46 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.210165 90f5f5d1-4ae3-4cc0-87b6-fb2ed5263ef5 1175-5326 210165 Mesocriconema curvatum ( Fig. 5 A, F) Measurements . See Table 11 . Remarks. Mesocriconema curvatum was first described from soil around the roots of snapdragon ( Antirrhinum sp.) in California. It has been recorded from other western states including Nevada ( Raski 1952 ), as well as from New York, New Jersey , NC and Maryland ( Loof 1974a ). It has also been reported from Europe, in Spain ( Alcala et al . 1970 ; Castillo & Gomez-Barcina 1993 ; Escuer et al . 1999 ), the Netherlands , Belgium , Germany , Poland and France ( Loof 1974a ); from Asia, in India ( De Grisse & Loof 1970 ), Thailand ( Timm 1965 ), Korea ( Choi & Geraert 1975 ), Iran ( Jabbari & Niknam 2007 ) and Pakistan ( Khan et al . 2011 ); and from Africa, in Guinea , Ivory Coast Senegal and Togo ( Luc 1959 , 1970 ) and Namibia ( Waele et al . 1998 ). In this study, M. curvatum occurred in nine turfgrass samples taken in six counties in NC and SC. It was found in creeping bentgrass putting greens in both states and in bermudagrass and zoysiagrass fairways and tees in NC. The morphology and morphometrics of the identified populations did not differ from previously described populations ( Loof 1974a ), except for a smaller stylet and a greater Rex in females. This is the first record of M. curvatum from turfgrasses in SC.