A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles jimmilleri Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Fig. 122 Female. Body length 2.68 mm , antenna length 3.33 mm , fore wing length 3.03 mm . Type material. Holotype : ECUADOR • 1♀ ; EC-12886, YY-A037; Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road ; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 06.iii.2006 ; Rafael Granizo leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 20.iii.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.iv.2006 ; ( PUCE ) . Paratypes . • 5 ( 3♀ , 1♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-12886, YY-A037; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE ) . Other material. Reared material. ECUADOR : Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road / Birding Circuit : • 10 ( 5♀ , 2♂ ) ( 3♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-12715, YY-A047; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 01.iii.2006 ; Rafael Granizo leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 10.iv.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.iv.2006 . Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Sendero Granja Integral Baeza , Baeza Sendero Granja : • 4 ( 2♀ , 1♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-12795, YY-A095; cloud forest; 1,800 m ; - 0.5833 , -77.8833 ; 02.iii.2006 ; Rafael Granizo leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons formed on 20.v.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.iv.2006 . Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station Yanayacu Station , Yanayacu Forest : • 3 (0 ♀ , 2♂ ) (0 ♀ , 1♂ ); EC-35157, YY-A068; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.6, -77.883333; 24.vii.2008 ; Earthwatch volunteers leg.; caterpillar collected in first instar; bud-like white floret cocoons formed on 10.ix.2008 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.x.2008 . Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Sendero Macuculoma , MPassiflora Plot 1 : • 3 ( 1♀ , 1♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-39687, YY-A008; cloud forest; 2,000 m ; - 0.604806 , -77.886417 ; 03.vii.2009 ; CAPEA leg.; Lepidoptera collected as eggs; cocoons formed on 13.viii.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.ix.2009 . • 1 ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-39707, YY-A176; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar instar not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.xi.2009 . Diagnosis. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally ( Fig. 122G, H ), vertex in lateral view rounded ( Fig. 122C ), scutellar punctation indistinct throughout ( Fig. 122E ), phragma of the scutellum widely visible ( Fig. 122F ), median area on T2 as broad as long, edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove, lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Fig. 122G ), anterior furrow of metanotum with a small lobe, without setae ( Fig. 122F ), axillary trough of scutellum almost smooth ( Fig. 122F ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 122F ), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron convex ( Fig. 122A, I ), and fore wing with r vein slightly curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a distinct stub ( Fig. 122K ). Figure 122. Glyptapanteles jimmilleri sp. nov. female EC-12795 YY-A095, EC-12886 YY-A037 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T1-3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings. Coloration ( Fig. 122 A-J ). General body coloration shiny black except apex of mandibles, labrum, apex of propleuron, dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum, distal corners of mesoscutum, a distal narrow band through lunules and beyond, and half inner part of PFM with light brown/reddish tints; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow; pedicel yellow-brown; scape and all antennal flagellomeres (on both sides) dark brown. Eyes silver and ocelli yellowish. Fore and middle legs dark yellow except brown claws; hind legs dark yellow except black coxae, femora dorsally with a small brown spot, tibiae with 1/3 distal brown and proximally with a narrow brown band, and tarsomeres light brown, but basitarsus proximally with a narow yellow band. Petiole on T1 dark brown/black and sublateral areas light yellow-brown; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends light yellow-brown; T3 brown with two oval yellow-brown spots at each proximal corner; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3-4 yellow with a brown dorsal area which extent increasing from proximal to distal; T5 and beyond completely brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 yellow, distally brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 122 A-D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.23:0.09, 0.23:0.09, 0.24:0.09), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.13:0.05, 0.11:0.05), antenna longer than body (3.33, 2.68); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex, punctations barely noticeable, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons rugose. Temple wide, punctations barely noticeable and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 122A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum widely visible; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune almost smooth; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation depressed centrally and with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with sculpture distally without a well delimited smooth area. Propodeum with indistinct sculpture and without median longitudinal carina, proximal half straight or nearly so; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and both dorsal and ventral furrows smooth. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.07). Hind coxa with very finely punctate throughout and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.23, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.12). Wings ( Fig. 122K ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a distinct stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin. Metasoma ( Fig. 122A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.35, maximum width 0.19, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence on distal half. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area polished, median area as broad as long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.18, minimum width 0.07); T2 with scarce pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.21, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. Bud-like white cocoons. Comments. The contours of the median area on T2 are weakly defined. The proximal edge of the mesopleuron is slightly inclined/sloped. The ATS demilune and groove are smooth; however, in some females, the ATS has a quite little stubs and the sculpture on ATM cover more area. Male. Coloration similar to females; however, the punctate on the mesoscutum tend to be more scattered distally and the coloration on fore and middle tarsomeres has a brown tinge. The males are darker and more polished than females. Etymology. James (Jim) Stuart Miller's research addresses general issues in taxonomy, biodiversity, phylogeny, and historical ecology of Noctuoidea moths. He is a research associate at American Museum of Natural History, New York , NY, USA . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador , Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station (Sendero Granja Integral Baeza, Sendero Macuculoma, Yanayacu Road, Yanayacu Road/Birding Circuit, and Yanayacu Forest ), during March 2006 , and July 2008 and 2009 at 1,800 m , 2,000 m , and 2,100 m in cloud forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary/gregarious. First species of Glyptapanteles reported attacking egg of Lepidoptera : Notodontidae , Dioptinae . Host. Josia sp. Huebner and Lyces sp. Walker ( Notodontidae : Dioptinae ) feeding on Passiflora sp. ( Passifloraceae ) and Lyces fornax Druce ( Notodontidae : Dioptinae ) feeding on Passiflora ligularis ( Passifloraceae ). Undetermined species of Notodontidae feeding on Passiflora sp. and P. ligularis ( Passifloraceae ). Caterpillars were collected as eggs, and larvae in first, second, and fifth instar.