Addition to Sweden’s freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden Author Robert, Chloé 384E6BC8-C928-4D4E-B7DB-BC285556ABCB Dept. Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE- 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. & Dept. Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE- 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. chloe.robert@gu.se Author Pereira, Raquel 2E0077C7-7540-4E45-B3B0-32A4A4F1D50B Dept. Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE- 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. raquel.pereira@ebc.uu.se Author Thollesson, Mikael C1EF10A0-3D59-4C66-A2A6-2BD48F154721 Dept. Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE- 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. mikael.thollesson@ebc.uu.se text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-07-13 828 1 138 167 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1861 journal article 97042 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1861 db902fb6-703b-4457-a4e8-37be2a702d74 2118-9773 6839811 92E8908C-818C-49CD-8E84-A95479F8E455 Spongilla lacustris ( Linnaeus, 1759 ) Fig. 2 Spongia lacustris Linnaeus, 1759: 1348 . Material examined ( 109 specimens , Table 1 ) SWEDEN – Dalsland • 3 specs ; Lake Vänern , Mellerud , Sunannå harbour ; 58.7092° N , 12.5072° E ; 11 Oct.2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188195 , 188197 , 188199 • 4 specs ; Åklång , Dalslands kanal , Håverud ; 58.8214° N , 12.4061° E ; 11 Oct. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188201 , 188203 , 188205 , 188207 . – Bohuslän • 1 spec. ; Bohuslän , Lake S Bullaresjön , Naverstad , Sundshult ; 58.7403° N , 11.5743° E ; 8 Oct. 2017 ; Chloé Robert leg.; UPSZMC 188185 • 3 specs ; Lake S Bullaresjön , Östad ; 58.7719° N , 11.5693° E ; 8 Oct. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188189 , 188191 , 188193 . – Södermanland • 5 specs ; Lake Likstammen , Öster Malma ; 58.9468° N , 17.1708° E ; 29 Jun. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188012 , 188015 to 188018 • 9 specs ; Lake Naten , Stjärnhof bath ; 59.0774° N , 17.0129° E ; 30 Jun. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188023 , 188029 to 188036 • 5 specs ; Lake Kyrksjön , bath ; 59.0923° N , 16.9951° E ; 30 Jun. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188024 to 188028 • 5 specs ; Klämmingen , Solbacken ; 59.1307° N , 17.2454° E ; 29 Jun. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188014 , 188019 to 188022 .– Uppland • 1 spec. ; Krägga herrgård ; 59.603° N , 17.394° E ; 2 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188114 • 2 specs ; Viks bath ; 59.7346° N , 17.4639° E ; 2 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188110 , 188112 • 3 specs ; Hammarskogs bath ; 59.7636° N , 17.5762° E ; 2 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188122 to 188124 • 4 specs ; Flottsund ; 59.7875° N , 17.6626° E ; 2Aug.2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188107 , 188115 , 188120 , 188121 • 1 spec. ; Lake Erken , Norr Malma , Erken freshwater laboratory ; 59.8353° N , 18.6331° E ; 30 May 2016 ; Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188213 • 4 specs ; Lake Siggeforasjön ; 59.9759° N , 17.157° E ; 26 May 2014 ; Tove Fällman leg.; UPSZMC 188100 , 188102 , 188104 , 188106 • 2 specs ; Gimo damm ; 60.1786° N , 18.1718° E ; 3 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188137 , 188140 • 5 specs ; Simbadet , Österbybruk ; 60.195° N , 17.9143° E ; 3 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188126 , 188129 , 188131 , 188133 , 188135 .– Dalarna • 4 specs ; Dalälven , Grådö ; 60.2471° N , 16.027° E ; 28 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188037 , 188056 , 188059 , 188061 • 1 spec. ; Lake Viksjön , Strands boat club ; 60.4841° N , 15.7447° E ; 28 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188064 • 4 specs ; Lake Flosjön , harbour , Dala-Floda ; 60.513° N , 14.8089° E ; 28 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188048 , 188050 , 188054 , 188057 • 6 specs ; Lake S Mojesjön , bath ; 60.6003° N , 15.0885° E ; 28 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188039 , 188041 to 188043 , 188045 , 188046 • 2 specs ; Malungs camping , outlet into Västerdalälven ; 60.6847° N , 13.7023° E ; 29 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188072 , 188075 • 5 specs ; Lake Orsasjön , Strandrestaurangen ; 61.1186° N , 14.5985° E ; 30 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188082 to 188084 , 188086 , 188088 • 2 specs ; Lake Skattungen , Oresjöns boat club ; 61.1649° N , 15.1327° E ; 30 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188090 , 188091 • 2 specs ; Lake Hällsjön , northern rest stop ; 62.0681° N , 12.6744° E ; 28 Aug. 2003 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188000 , 188003 . – Hälsingland • 3 specs ; Lake Ängratörn , Vikstenstorpet ; 61.9159° N , 15.3872° E ; 31 Aug. 2013 ; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188092 , 188094 , 188096 . – Härjedalen • 12 specs ; Hedeviken ; 62.4083° N , 13.6697° E ; 30 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188165 , 188166 , 188170 to 188177 , 188179 , 188181 . – Medelpad • 2 specs ; Lake Gissjön ; 62.5233° N , 16.179° E ; 29 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188147 , 188148 . – Jämtland • 2 specs ; Lake Storsjön , Galhammar ; 62.7784° N , 14.4321° E ; 30 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188161 , 188183 • 3 specs ; Lake Sundsjön ; 62.9513° N , 15.1623° E ; 29 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188155 , 188157 , 188159 • 4 specs ; Lake Storsjön , Slandrom ; 63.1347° N , 14.6478° E ; 29 Aug. 2017 ; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188209 to 188212 . Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study. Abbreviations of Swedish provinces: Bhl = Bohuslän; Dlr = Dalarna; Dls = Dalsland; Hls = Hälsingland; Hrj = Härjedalen; Jmt = Jämtland; Mpd = Medelpad; Sdm = Södermanland; Sth = Stockholm; Upp = Uppland.

Collection site		GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates Catchment		coxI 28S	i56	i56	Voucher
area	variety	number(s)
Spongilla	P059-170830-1	Storsjön, Galhammar, Jmt	62°46.7′ N	Indalsälven	UPSZMC 188161,
lacustris	P059-170830-9	14°25.93′ E	OL979196	188162 UPSZMC 188183,
P059-190702-1	Storsjön, Slandrom, Jmt	63°8.08′ N 14°38.87′ E	188184 UPSZMC 188209
P059-190702-2	UPSZMC 188210
P059-190702-3	UPSZMC 188211
P059-190702-4	UPSZMC 188212
P059-170829-1	Gissjön, Mpd	62°31.4′ N	Ljungan	OL979206	UPSZMC 188147
P059-170829-2	16°10.74′ E	UPSZMC 188148
P059-170829-6	Sundsjön, Jmt	62°57.08′ N	OM105905 w-377G		UPSZMC 188155,
P059-170829-7	15°9.74′ E	OM105907 w-377G		188156 UPSZMC 188157, 188158
P059-170829-8	OM105933 w-377G		UPSZMC 188159,
P059-130831-1	Ängratörn,	61°54.95′ N	Ljusnan	188160 UPSZMC 188092,
P059-130831-2	by Vikstenstorpet, His	15°23.23′ E	OL979184	OM105936 y-290A		188093 UPSZMC 188094,
P059-130831-3	OL979198 OL985646		188095 UPSZMC 188096, 188097
P059-170830-11	Hedeviken, Hrj	62°24.5′ N 13°40.18′ E	UPSZMC 188165
P059-170830-12	OM105912 y-290G		UPSZMC 188166,
P059-170830-14	OM105904 y-290G		188167 UPSZMC 188170
P059-170830-15	UPSZMC 188171
P059-170830-16	OM105919 y-290G		UPSZMC 188172
P059-170830-17	UPSZMC 188173
P059-170830-18	OM105901 y-290G		UPSZMC 188174

Table 1 (continued on next six pages). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site		GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates Catchment		coxI	28S	i56	i56	Voucher
area	variety	number (s)
Spongilla	P059-170830-19	OM 105903 y-290G		UPSZMC 188175
lacustris	P059-170830-20	OM 105932 y-290A		UPSZMC 188176
P059-170830-21	UPSZMC 188177,
P059-170830-22	188178 UPSZMC 188179, 188180
P059-170830-23	OM 105924 y-290G		UPSZMC 188181, 188182
P059-130828-1	Dalälven, Grådö, Dlr	60°14.83′ N	Dalälven	OL985645		UPSZMC 188037,
P059-130828-2	16°1.62′ E	188038 UPSZMC 188056
P059-130828-3	OM 105921 z-242 T		UPSZMC 188059,
145	P059-130828-4	188060 UPSZMC 188061
P059-130828-6	Strands boat club, Dlr	60°29.05′ N 15°44.68′ E	UPSZMC 188064, 188065
P059-130828-16	Flosjön, boat site, Dlr	60°30.78′ N 14°48.53′ E	UPSZMC 188048, 188049
P059-130828-17	UPSZMC 188050,
P059-130828-19	188051 UPSZMC 188054,
P059-130828-20	OM 105913 z-242 T		188055 UPSZMC 188057, 188058
P059-130828-10	S Mojesjön, bathing place, Dlr 60°36.02′ N 15°5.31′ E		UPSZMC 188039, 188040
P059-130828-11	UPSZMC 188041
P059-130828-12	UPSZMC 188042
P059-130828-13	UPSZMC 188043,
P059-130828-14	188044 UPSZMC 188045
P059-130828-15	UPSZMC 188046, 188047

Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site	GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates	Catchment	coxI	28S	i56	i56	Voucher
area	variety	number (s)
Spongilla	P059-130829-1	Malungs camping, mouth of	60°41.08′ N	UPSZMC 188072,
lacustris	P059-130829-2	the river in Västerdalälven Dlr	13°42.14′ E	188073 UPSZMC 188074
P059-130830-1	Orsasjön, at the beach restaurant, Dlr	61°7.12′ N 14°35.91′ E	UPSZMC 188082
P059-130830-2	UPSZMC 188083
P059-130830-3	OM 105910	y-290G	UPSZMC 188084, 188085
P059-130830-4	UPSZMC 188086,
P059-130830-5	OM 105899	y-290G	188087 UPSZMC 188088,
P059-130830-6	Skattungen, Oresjöns boat club, Upp	61°9.89′ N 15°7.96′ E	OM 105915	z-242G	188089 UPSZMC 188090
P059-130830-7	OM 105925	z-242 T	UPSZMC 188091
P052-030828-1	Hällsjön, northern resting place, Dlr	62°4.09′ N 12°40.46′ E	OL979188	UPSZMC 188000
P052-030830-1	OL979195	UPSZMC 188003
P059-170803-6	Gimo dam, Upp	60°10.72′ N	Olandsån	UPSZMC 188137,
P059-170803-7	18°10.31′ E	OM 105931	y-290G	188138 UPSZMC 188140,
UP-16-2-1	Dock at Erken-lab, Upp	59°50.12′ N 18°37.99′ E	Norrtäljeån	OM 105917	w-377G	188141 UPSZMC 188213, 188214
P059-170802-13	Krägga mansion, Upp	59°36.18′ N 17°23.64′ E	Norrström	UPSZMC 188114
P059-170802-11	Viks badplats, Upp	59°44.08′ N	UPSZMC 188110,
P059-170802-12	17°27.83′ E	OM 105902	w-377G	188111 UPSZMC 188112,
P059-170802-7	Hammarskogs badplats, Upp	59°45.82′ N 17°34.57′ E	OL985663	OM 105920	z-242 T	188113 UPSZMC 188122
P059-170802-8	OL979192	UPSZMC 188123
P059-170802-9	UPSZMC 188124, 188125

Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site		GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates Catchment		coxI	28S	i56	i56	Voucher
Spongilla	P059-170802-1	Flottsund, Upp	59°47.25′ N	area	OL979179		variety OM105923 y-290G		number(s) UPSZMC 188107
lacustris	P059-170802-2	17°39.76′ E	UPSZMC 188115
P059-170802-5	UPSZMC 188120
P059-170802-6	UPSZMC 188121
P059-140526-1	Siggefora Lake, Upp	59°58.55′ N 17°9.42′ E	UPSZMC 188100, 188101
P059-140526-2	UPSZMC 188102,
P059-140526-3	188103 UPSZMC 188104,
P059-140526-4	188105 UPSZMC 188106
P059-170803-1	Simbadet, Österbybruk, Upp	60°11.7′ N 17°54.86′ E	UPSZMC 188126, 188127
P059-170803-2	UPSZMC 188129, 188130
P059-170803-3	OM105928 w-377G		UPSZMC 188131,
P059-170803-4	188132 UPSZMC 188133,
P059-170803-5	188134 UPSZMC 188135, 188136
P059-130629-1	Likstammen,east Malma,Sdm	58°56.81′ N 17°10.25′ E	Svärtaån	OM105930 y-290G		UPSZMC 188012, 188013
P059-130629-2	UPSZMC 188015
P059-130629-3	OM105897 y-290G		UPSZMC 188016
P059-130629-4	OL985649 OM105922 z-242T			UPSZMC 188017
P059-130629-5	OM105896 y-290G		UPSZMC 188018
P059-130630-1	Naten, Stjärnhof bathing	59°4.64′ N	OL979207 OL985655 OM105927 y-290G				UPSZMC 188023
P059-130630-2	place, Sdm	17°0.77′ E	OL985644 OM105908 y-290G			UPSZMC 188029
P059-130630-3	OL979201		OM105911 w-377G		UPSZMC 188030

Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site	GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates	Catchment	coxI	28S	i56	i56	Voucher
area	variety	number (s)
Spongilla	P059-130630-4	OM 105900	z-242 T	UPSZMC 188031
lacustris	P059-130630-5	OL979189	OL985652	UPSZMC 188032
P059-130630-6	OL985667	UPSZMC 188033
P059-130630-7	OL985658	UPSZMC 188034
P059-130630-8	OL985660	OM 105934	z-242 T	UPSZMC 188035
P059-130630-9	OL985659	OM 105914	w-377G	UPSZMC 188036
P059-130630-10	Kyrksjön, bathing place, Sdm	59°5.54′ N	UPSZMC 188024
P059-130630-11	16°59.71′ E	UPSZMC 188025
P059-130630-12	UPSZMC 188026
P059-130630-13	UPSZMC 188027
P059-130630-14	UPSZMC 188028
P059-130629-10	Klämmingen, Solbacken, Sdm	59°7.84′ N 17°14.72′ E	OL979203	OL985664	OM 105926	w-377G	UPSZMC 188014
P059-130629-6	OL979187	OL985656	UPSZMC 188019
P059-130629-7	OL979182	OL985670	UPSZMC 188020
P059-130629-8	OL985648	OM 105916	y-24G	UPSZMC 188021
P059-130629-9	OL979191		OM 105909	y-290G	UPSZMC 188022
P059-171011-1	Vänern, Sunannå Hamn, Mellerud, Dls	58°42.55′ N 12°30.43′ E	Göta Älv	UPSZMC 188195, 188196
P059-171011-2	OM 105935	w-377G	UPSZMC 188197,
P059-171011-4	OM 105898	w-377G	188198 UPSZMC 188199,
P059-171011-6	Åklång, Dalslands kanal, Håverud, Dls	58°49.28′ N 12°24.37′ E	188200 UPSZMC 188201, 188202
P059-171011-7	UPSZMC 188203, 188204
P059-171011-8	OM 105906	w-377 T	UPSZMC 188205, 188206

Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site	GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates	Catchment	coxI 28S	i56	i56	Voucher
area	variety	number (s)
Spongilla	P059-171011-9	UPSZMC 188207,
lacustris	188208
P059-171008-1	Bullaresjön, Sundshult,	58°44.42′ N	Enningdalsälven	OM 105929	y-290G	UPSZMC 188185,
P059-171008-3	Naverstad, Bhl S Bullaresjön, Östad, Bhl	11°34.46′ E 58°46.31′ N	188186 UPSZMC 188189,
P059-171008-4	11°34.16′ E	188190 UPSZMC 188191,
188192
P059-171008-5	OL979199	UPSZMC 188193,
188194
Eunapius	P059-170830-10	Storsjön, Galhammar, Jmt	62°46.7′ N	Indalsälven	OL979181	UPSZMC 188163,
fragilis	P059-170830-2	14°25.93′ E	OL979200	188164 UPSZMC 188215,
188216
P059-170830-3	OL979183	UPSZMC 188221,
188222
P059-170830-4	OL979180 OL985661	UPSZMC 188217,
P059-170830-5	OL979202 OL985653	188218 UPSZMC 188223,
P059-170830-6	OL979209	188224 UPSZMC 188225,
188226
P059-170830-7	OL979185	UPSZMC 188227,
188228
P059-170830-8	OL979210 OL985651	UPSZMC 188219,
P059-170802-10	Hammarskogs badplats, Upp	59°45.82′ N	Norrström	OL979193 OL985650	188220 UPSZMC 188108,
P059-170802-3	Flottsund, Upp	17°34.57′ E 59°47.25′ N	OL979205	188109 UPSZMC 188116,
17°39.76′ E	188117
P059-170802-4	OL979197	UPSZMC 188118,
188119
Ephydatia	P059-170829-3	Gissjön, Mpd	62°31.4′ N	Ljungan	OL979204 OL985642	UPSZMC 188149,
muelleri	P059-170829-4	16°10.74′ E	OL985669	188150 UPSZMC 188151,
188152
P059-170829-5	OL979190 OL985668	UPSZMC 188153,
188154

Table 1 (continued). Material examined in the present study.

Collection site		GenBank accession numbers
Species	Specimen ID	Designation	Coordinates Catchment		coxI	28S i56	i56	Voucher
Ephydatia P059-170828-1		Delsbo, Södra Dellensjön, Hls 61°48.58′ N		area Delångersån	variety	number(s) UPSZMC 188143,
muelleri	P059-170828-2	16°34.24′ E	OL979186 OL985654		188144 UPSZMC 188145,
188146
P059-170830-13	Hedeviken, Hrj	62°24.5′ N	Ljusnan	OL979194 OL985657		UPSZMC 188168,
13°40.18′ E	188169
P059-130828-5	Dalälven, Grådö, Dlr	60°14.83′ N	Dalälven	OL985662	UPSZMC 188062,
P059-130828-18	Flosjön, boat site, Dlr	16°1.62′ E 60°30.78′ N	188063 UPSZMC 188052,
P059-130828-7	14°48.53′ E S Mojesjön, bathing place, Dlr 60°36.02′ N		OL985647	188053 UPSZMC 188066,
15°5.31′ E	188067
P059-130828-8	OL985671	UPSZMC 188068,
188069
P059-130828-9	OL985666	UPSZMC 188070
P059-130829-3	Malungs camping, mouth of	60°41.08′ N	OL985665	UPSZMC 188076,
P059-130829-4	the river in Västerdalälven, Dlr 13°42.14′ E		188077 UPSZMC 188078,
P059-130829-5	188079 UPSZMC 188080,
188081
UP-16-2-2	Dock at Erken-lab, Upp	59°50.12′ N	Norrtäljeån	UPSZMC 188244,
UP-16-1-2	Badplatsen Svanberga: Erken	18°37.99′ E 59°50.22′ N	188244 UPSZMC 188242,
- S bathing place drainage	18°39.35′ E	188243
P059-171011-3	pipe, Upp Vänern, Sunannå Hamn,	58°42.55′ N	Göta Älv	UPSZMC 188237,
P059-171011-5	Mellerud, Dls	12°30.43′ E	188238 UPSZMC 188239,
Ephydatia P059-170902-1		Helgarsviken, Sth	59°17.34′ N	Östersjön	OL979208 OL985643		188240 UPSZMC 188229,
fluviatilis	18°42.19′ E	(the Baltic)	188230
P059-170902-2	UPSZMC 188231,
P059-170902-3	188232 UPSZMC 188233,
P059-211231-1	188234 PENDING

Fig. 2. Spongilla lacustris ( Linnaeus, 1759 ) . A–B . Habitus. A . Specimen growing under a pontoon (P059-171011-6). B . Specimen growing on anchor chain, with finger–like projections (P059-170802- 48). C–D . Spiculae. C . Megasclere (P059-171008-4). D . Microsclere (P059-171008-1). E–F . Estimated spicula size distribution within and between specimens, P059-130831-1 (solid line), P059-170802- 8 (dashed) and P059-171008-4 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b ; blue = Penney & Racek 1968 ; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019 ). E . Megascleres. F . Microscleres. Table 2. Co-occurrence of freshwater sponges at different sites in the present study. On the diagonal are the number of sites where the species was found, lower triangle gives the number of co-occurrences, and upper diagonal shows Sørensen-Dice indices of species association (ranging from 0 – never found together to 1 – always found together). At two sites the three species Spongilla lacustris ( Linnaeus, 1759 ) , Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856) and Eunapius fragilis ( Leidy, 1851 ) were found together; at no site did all four species co-occur.

Spongilla lacustris	Ephydatia fluviatilis	Ephydatia muelleri	Eunapius fragilis
Spongilla lacustris	30	0	0.40	0.18
Ephydatia fluviatilis	0	1	0	0
Ephydatia muelleri	8	0	10	0
Eunapius fragilis	3	0	0	3

Description HABITUS. Specimens usually bright green ( Fig. 2A ), often with finger-like projections ( Fig. 2B ). Surface hispid due to protruding spicules. SPICULAE. Skeleton with two classes of oxeas: smooth megascleres ( Fig. 2C ) and spined microscleres ( Fig. 2D ). Megascleres fusiform, microscleres acerate ( Boury-Esnault & Rützler 1997 ). Gemmuloscleres were not observed. Megasclere length 265 μm (190–375 μm), width 11 μm (2.5–20 μm) ( Fig. 2E ). Microsclere length 76 μm (50–117.5 μm), width 4.8 μm (2.5–7.5 μm) ( Fig. 2F ). Distribution and habitat Widely distributed, entire sampling area; hard substrates in lakes and rivers. Remarks The finger-like projections distinguish this species from the other Swedish freshwater sponges, as does the presence of microscleres.