Phylogeny, distribution and time divergence of Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) with the description of a new species from Dhofar region, southern part of Oman Author Hussain, Shah 0000-0002-5772-7206 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Sultanate of Oman & shahpk 85 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5772 - 7206 shahpk85@gmail.com Author Al-Kharousi, Moza 0000-0002-6442-9602 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & moza. alkharousi @ trc. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6442 - 9602 moza.alkharousi@trc.gov.om Author Al-Muharabi, Marwa A. 0000-0003-2629-2809 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care & Research Center, P. O. Box 566, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & marwa. almuharabi 18 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2629 - 2809 marwa.almuharabi18@gmail.com Author Al-Maqbali, Dua’A 0000-0003-3771-7278 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & duaa. almoqbali @ mawarid. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3771 - 7278 duaa.almoqbali@mawarid.gov.om Author Al-Shabibi, Zahra 0000-0002-9583-7879 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & Zahra. AlShabibi @ oapgrc. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9583 - 7879 habibi@oapgrc.gov.om Author Al-Balushi, Abdullah H. 0000-0001-6903-0249 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & abdullah. albalushi @ mawarid. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6903 - 0249 abdullah.albalushi@mawarid.gov.om Author Al-Yahya’Ei, Mohamed N. 0000-0002-9516-5339 Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & mohamed. alyahyaei @ mawarid. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9516 - 5339 mohamed.alyahyaei@mawarid.gov.om Author Saady, Nadiya Al 0000-0001-9099-734X Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P. O. Box 515, P. C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman & nadiya @ mawarid. gov. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9099 - 734 X nadiya@mawarid.gov.om Author Velazhahan, Rethinasamy 0000-0002-9263-4371 Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Sultanate of Oman & velazhahan @ squ. edu. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9263 - 4371 velazhahan@squ.edu.om Author Al-Sadi, Abdullah M. 0000-0002-3419-8268 Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, AlKhoud 123, Sultanate of Oman & alsadi @ squ. edu. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3419 - 8268 alsadi@squ.edu.om text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-27 570 2 150 164 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.2.3 journal article 173166 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.2.3 0b39db51-fbce-463a-b8c9-d946d3b838c8 1179-3163 7256498 Fuscoporia dhofarensis Al-Sadi & S. Hussain , sp. nov. ( Figs. 3 , 4 ) MycoBank no: 845732 Etymology: The specific epithet “ dhofarensis ” refers to the type locality Dhofar (a governorate in the south of Oman ) of the new species. Type : Oman , Dhofar , Attin , on the dead branches of Anogeissus dhofarica , 08 Sept 2018 , N . Al Dhanki , S . Al Salami , M . Al Jahwari and I . Al Sabahi , ATN-007 ( holotype AA-ATN007; GenBank accession: ITS = OP 593104 , 28 S = OP 593105 , TEF1 α = OP 597768 ) . Description: Basidiocarps annual, pileate, initially applanate becoming ungulate with age, projecting up to 20 mm , 40 mm wide and 10 mm thick; corky, without odor or taste at fresh condition, at dry condition hard-woody and medium in weight; solitary scattered on wood; margin applanate to convex, cream-yellowish to ochre-orange (DC793A) at young stage, becoming brownish (D2B48C) at maturity. Pileus surface concentrically sulcate with zoned, variable in color, dark brown (5C4033) at attachment zone, dark reddish-brown (A52A2A) at the center, reddish-brown (A52A2A) towards the margin. Pore surface buff (DAA06D) to dull brown (5C4033) when fresh, becoming chestnut brown (5D2F27) when dry; margin dull brown (5C4033), up to 0.5 mm wide; pores circular, 6–8 per mm; dissepiment thin, entire. Context yellowish-brown (9B7A01), corky to fibrous, up to 5 mm thick. Tubes dark yellowish-brown (9B7A01), corky, 3 mm long, tube layers distinct. FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Fuscoporia species based on combined ITS-28S-TEF1α dataset, values above nodes are BT percentage and PPs, ≥ 70 and ≥ 0.90, respectively, species of the genus recovered in six groups, the new species F. dhofarensis is in bold font. FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree using BEAST, based on combined ITS-28S-TEF1α sequences of Fuscoporia species with outgroup taxon ( Coniferiporia weirii CFS 504), color circles at node tip represents the climate, the rectangular bars around the node highlights the distribution. FIGURE 3. Basidiomata of Fuscoporia dhofarensis . A. holotype (AA-ATN007) on dead branch of Anogeissus dhofarica , B-C, E. Pore surface under stereo microscope, D. Tubes layer, F. Pileus edge . Hyphal system: Dimitic, generative hyphae simple septate, branched, skeletal hyphae darkening but otherwise unchanged in KOH, CB− and IKI−. Context: Generative hyphae 2.5–3.5 µm diam, hyaline, fairly numerous, slightly thin-walled, simple septate, branched, some with terminal elements, 10–30 × 3.5–4.5 µm. Skeletal hyphae 3.5–5.0 µm diam., abundant, yellowish to rusty-brown, unbranched, rarely septate, thick-walled, wall thickness up to 1.5 µm. Mycelial setae absent in context. Tubes: Generative hyphae 2.5–3.5 µm diam, rare, hyaline to pale-yellowish, simple septate, frequently branched, encrusted at dissepiment edges. Skeletal hyphae 4.5–6.0 µm diam, dominant, rusty-brown, rarely septate, unbranched, with wide lumen, sub-parallel along the tubes, think-walled. Hymenium: Hymenial setae 43.0–68.0 × 9.0–12.0 µm, numerous, originating from tramal hyphae, subulate, darkbrown to rusty-brown, thick-walled with a wide lumen. Cystidioles absent. Basidia 18.0–21.5 × 4.5–5.5 µm, clavate, 4-spored, simple septate at the base. Basidioles frequent in hymenium, similar in shape to basidia but slightly smaller. Basidiospores hyaline, cylindrical to broadly ellipsoid, thin-walled, IKI–, CB–, (4.5)5.0–6.0(6.3) × 3.5–4.0(5.2) µm, on average 5.4 ×3.7 µm, Q = 1.5. Pileus edge: Generative hyphae abundant, narrow, aseptate, unbranched, thin-walled, 2–3 µm diam, with narrow apex. Additional specimen examined: Oman , Dhofar , Salalah, Wadi Attin, 08 Sept, 2018, N. Al Dhanki, S. Al Salami, M. Al Jahwari and I. Al Sabahi, ATN-007b (AA-ATN007b). FIGURE 4. Line drawing of anatomical structures of Fuscoporia dhofarensis (AA-ATN0070).A. Basidiospores, B. Basidia and basidioles, C. Hymenial setae, D. Hymenium skeletal hyphae, E. Generative hyphae at context, F. Hymenium generative hyphae, G. Pileus edge generative hyphae, H. Pileus edge skeletal hyphae. Scale bars: A = 5 µm, B–H = 10 µm. Notes: The new species Fuscoporia dhofarensis has a pileate fruiting body, with small pileus, small pores, presence of one type of setae. The new species is closely related to other pileate species of the genus such as F. callimorpha (Lév.) Groposo, Log. -Leite & Góes-Neto (2007: 57), F. senex (Nees & Mont.) Ghob. -Nejh. (2007: 208), (Pers.), F. torulosa T. Wagner & M. Fisch. (2001: 780) . Basidiomata of Fuscopora dhofarensis occurring singly on wood and smaller in size, while fruiting bodies of F. senex are in clusters and substantially larger (projecting up to 110 mm , 200 mm wide and 30 mm thick at base; Dai 2010 ). Basidiomata of Fuscoporia torulosa is perennial pileate, with grayish brown pileus surface, pore surface grayish-brown ( Dai 2010 ). In Fuscoporia callimorpha , pileus surface is reddishbrown, glabrous, with pore surface yellowish brown and smaller pore, 9–10 per mm ( Wu et al. 2022 ). Morphological comparison of Fuscoporia dhofarensis with respect to these and other pileate species of the genus are further sorted out in the Table 3 .