Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Author Hosoishi, Shingo Author Ogata, Kazuo text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016 2016-02-10 176 3 547 606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330 journal article 126748 10.1111/zoj.12330 6f1d30f9-d20f-415b-a70c-a65074943adf 0024-4082 5358180 CREMATOGASTER OSAKENSIS FOREL, 1900 ( FIG. 112 ) Crematogaster sordidula var. osakensis Forel, 1900: 269 ; syntype workers , Osaka , Japan ( MHNG , examined) (Synonymy under C . japonica by Brown, 1949: 37 ) . One syntype worker in MHNG here designated Lectotype . Crematogaster sordidula var. japonica Forel, 1912c: 339 ; syntype workers , Tokyo , Japan ( Ito ) ( MHNG , examined) (Synonymy under C . osakensis , by Brown, 1949: 37 ). One syntype worker (top specimen of three on one pin) in MHNG here designated Lectotype . Figures 112–119. Body in lateral view. 112, Crematogaster osakensis , worker [Hiraodai Karst Plateau, Fukuoka, Japan]; 113, Crematogaster philippinensis , worker [Mt. Mayon, Luzon Island, Philippines]; 114, Crematogaster quadriruga , worker [Lum Jang Wat, E, Thailand]; 115, Crematogaster quadriruga , intermediate worker [PSU forest, Hat Yai, Songkhla Prov., S. Thailand]; 116, Crematogaster reticulata , worker [Ulu Gombak, Selangor, W. Malaysia]; 117, Crematogaster reticulata , intermediate worker [Datfa Waterfall, Tai Rom Yen National Park, Surat Thani Prov., S. Thailand]; 118, Crematogaster schimmeri , worker [Pilam, Taiwan]; 119, Crematogaster storki , worker [Dumoga-Bone National Park, Utara, Sulawesi, Indonesia]. Crematogaster sordidula subsp. osakensis ; Emery, 1912: 671 [Subspecies of sordidula ]. Crematogaster sordidula subsp. osakensis ; Emery, 1922: 131 [Combination in C . ( Orthocrema )]. Crematogaster sordidula var. japonica ; Emery, 1922: 131 [Combination in C . ( Orthocrema )]. Crematogaster sordidula subsp. osakensis ; Wheeler, 1928: 111 [Subspecies of sordidula ; descriptions of queen and male]. Crematogaster osakensis ; Collingwood, 1976: 303 [Raised to species]. Crematogaster osakensis ; Onoyama, 1980: 198 [Subspecies of sordidula ]. Crematogaster osakensis ; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 129 [Raised to species]. Crematogaster osakensis ; Bolton , 1995: 159 . Crematogaster osakensis ; Blaimer, 2012c: 55 [Combination in C . ( Orthocrema )]. Worker measurements ( n = 8): HW 0.47–0.57; HL 0.49– 0.59; CI 92–100; SL 0.38–0.44; SI 77–84; EL 0.11– 0.13; PW 0.27–0.35; WL 0.54–0.68; PSL 0.08–0.11; PtL 0.16–0.19; PtW 0.15–0.18; PtH 0.12–0.15; PpL 0.11– 0.12; PpW 0.14–0.18; PtHI 68–81; PtWI 83–94; PpWI 117–150; WI 88–100. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin slightly concave in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges posteriorly that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and weakly angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum with rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Mesopleura weakly sculptured, but relatively smooth on central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum with reticulated rugulae. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of postpetiole weakly sculptured posteriorly. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of erect and stout long setae, and short and appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one single long setae medially and one pairs of long setae laterally, and some pairs (three to four) of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with three pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps1PN, psaMN, and pspMN) that are much longer than other setae and one pair of shorter setae (ps1PN). Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect to decumbent stout setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C . biroi group by the distinct compound eyes, generally smooth dorsal surface of head, petiole tapering posteriorly in dorsal view, and erect setae on body tapering distally. This species is similar to C . vieti , but can be distinguished from it by the slender propodeal spines, petiole tapering posteriorly and subpostpetiolar process angulate. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Japan ( Hokkaido , Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Island, Amami Island) ( Japanese Ant Database Group 2008 , 2008 ), South Korea ( Terayama, Choi & Kim, 1992 ; Choi, Ogata & Terayama, 1993 ), North Korea ( Collingwood, 1976 ; Radchenko, 2005 ) and China ( Wu & Wang, 1995 ; Zhou, 2001 ) ( Fig. 51 ). It is noted that we have not examined the specimens from South Korea , North Korea and China in this study. This species inhabits grasslands ( Hosoishi et al ., 2015 ) to forests, and nests under stone and in soil or leaf litter. Colonies are polygynous. Reproductive alates fly at evening in September and are attracted to light ( Japanese Ant Database Group 2008 , 2008 ). A myrmecophilous beetle, Triartiger reductus Nomura (Staphylinidae) are known from the nests in Tsushima Island, Japan ( Komatsu & Maruyama, 2008 ). Material examined: JAPAN : four workers , Takuhi Shrine , Nishinoshima , Oki Islands , Shimane , 17.ix.2003 (T. Yamauchi ) ; 30 workers , Hiraodai Karst Plateau , Fukuoka , 28.v.2010 ( S. Hosoishi ) ; six workers , Nomozaki , Nagasaki , 27.vii.1978 ( K. Ogata ) ; 11 workers , Anbou , Yakushima Island , Kagoshima , 25.viii.2004 ( K. Ogata et al .) .