Tityopsis rolandoi sp. n. (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Cuba Author Kovařík, František Author Stockmann, Mark Author Šťáhlavský, František Author Yong, Sheyla text Euscorpius 2024 400 1 15 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.14660689 1536-9307 14660689 238006D8-8B20-4600-83DA-96E19CD378B6 Tityopsis Armas, 1974 ( Figures 1–58 , Table 1 ) Tityus ( Tityopsis ) Armas, 1974: 8 ; Armas, 1982: 11 , 13; Francke, 1985: 16 , 19. Tityopsis : Armas, 1984: 29 ; tab. 3; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 58, 227–228; Teruel & Kovařík, 2012: 143–151, figs. 7, 30, 42–43, 49, 306–322, 570–577; Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022: 1–40, figs. 1–4 (complete references list until 2021). TYPE SPECIES . Tityus inexpectatus Moreno, 1940 [currently Tityopsis inexpectata (Moreno, 1940) ], by original designation ( Armas, 1974: 8 ). DIAGNOSIS (after Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022). Adult size small for the family ( 15–30 mm in males, 20–40 mm in females), with males slightly smaller than females within the same size-class. Coloration light yellowish to blackish, immaculate to densely patterned all over, especially on carapace, legs and metasoma. Entire body and appendages covered with modified macrosetae: brightly UV-fluorescent, short to medium-sized, thick, translucent, with tip truncate to crown-shaped. Cheliceral fixed finger with one ventral denticle, movable finger with two. Pedipalp very similar in both sexes: not especially robust nor attenuate and strongly carinate; trichobothrial pattern A-α orthobothriotaxic, without clearly defined petite trichobothria (e. g., chela Eb 3 and Esb and fixed finger esb are somewhat smaller, but not as disproportionately reduced as a typical petite); femur with d 1 -d 3 -d 4 -d 5 regularly spaced along basal half, e 1 and e 2 located on subbasal and median position, respectively; patella with d 3 external to dorsal median carina and i slightly distal to midpoint; manus with V 2 clearly closer to ventroexternal carina than V 1 ; fixed finger with est-db-et-dt-it located on distal half, with it midway between dt and fingertip. Pedipalp chelae robust, wider than patella and strongly carinate; fixed and movable fingers with 11–13 principal rows of denticles which are short, oblique, subequal and flanked by very large internal and external accessory denticles, apical subrow oblique and composed of four denticles, basal lobe/notch combination absent. Carapace trapezoidal, essentially flat and with carinae distinct but variably fused and poorly defined from intercarinal granulation, which is variable but always well developed; 3–6 pairs of lateral eyes, not concealed below anterolateral margin. Legs without tibial spurs, both pedal spurs present; telotarsi ventrally with two well-defined, parallel, longitudinal rows of thin spiniform setae. Male genital papillae lip-like, not protruding from genital operculum and each with a distinct fleshy point, hardly visible by being located extremely basal and almost entirely concealed beneath pre-pectinal plate. Pre-pectinal plate well developed, heavily sclerotized and medially invaginate, not well visible by being largely concealed beneath genital operculum. Pectines with 11–16 teeth in males, 10–15 in females, fulcra well developed; basal middle lamella modified, slightly to moderately enlarged and angulose in males, moderately to remarkably enlarged and oval to round in females; basal plate unmodified, but in females with a large, whitish discal area of presumably glandular function. Tergites heavily granulose, monocarinate, with median carina and coarse granulation projecting over posterior margin. Sternites with small, round to short slit-like spiracles; III without stridulatory organ or deep furrows but with a raised, granulose, median triangular area flanked by two lateral depressions that fit pectines for protection or rest, V–VII with paired submedian and lateral keels, V with three smooth patches (one median and two laterals, all conspicuously larger, bulkier and also usually paler in males). Metasoma very similar in both sexes: short, robust and very strongly carinate, segment V with lateral median carinae irregularly defined but clearly present. Telson vesicle globose; subaculear tubercle vestigial to moderate, blunt, irregular to conical and widely separate from aculeus, which is long, very sharp and strongly curved. Figure 1 . Paratypes male (left) and female of Tityopsis rolandoi sp . n . in vivo habitus.

Tityopsis rolandoi sp . n .	Tityopsis rolandoi sp . n .
Dimensions (mm)	♂ holotype	♀ paratype
Carapace	L / W	2.62 / 2.65	3.13 / 3.45
Mesosoma	L	7.25	9.75
Tergite VII	L / W	1.83 / 2.62	2.27 / 3.62
Metasoma + telson	L	13.45	15.67
Segment I	L / W / D	1.64 / 1.47 / 1.33	1.96 / 1.71 / 1.63
Segment II	L / W / D	1.98 / 1.37 / 1.23	2.36 / 1.64 / 1.56
Segment III	L / W / D	2.21 / 1.36 / 1.22	2.46 / 1.59 / 1.53
Segment IV	L / W / D	2.33 / 1.28 / 1.19	2.66 / 1.56 / 1.43
Segment V	L / W / D	2.70 / 1.29 / 1.16	3.24 / 1.58 / 1.40
Telson	L / W / D	2.59 / 1.13 / 1.00	2.99 / 1.27 / 1.19
Pedipalp	L	9.59	11.-29
Femur	L / W	2.34 / 0.81	2.73 / 1.06
Patella	L / W	2.82 / 1.05	3.30 / 1.31
Chela	L	4.43	5.26
Manus	W / D	1.23 / 1.11	1.55 / 1.50
Movable finger	L	2.56	3.04
Total	L	23.32	28.55

Table 1 . Comparative measurements of holotype male of Tityopsis rolandoi sp . n . Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D). Karyotypes ( Figs. 51–54 ). In total, we analyzed the chromosomes of one male Tityopsis sheylae (DNA 2826) from Cueva del Indio (GPS: 23.017507 , -82.088714 ) and six paratype males of T. rolandoi sp . n . (DNA 2829-2834) from the type locality. The chromosomes of both species display typical characteristics for members of the family Buthidae , including holocentric organization, achiasmatic meiosis, and no differentiated sex chromosomes in males. Our initial findings on chromosomes within the genus Tityopsis also confirm the lower chromosome numbers commonly observed in Buthidae (see Schneider et al., 2024 ). The karyotype of T. sheylae consists of 22 chromosomes ( Fig. 51 ), with chromosome lengths gradually decreasing from 6.98% to 2.32% of the diploid set ( Fig. 52 ). The karyotype of T. rolandoi sp . n . includes 20 chromosomes ( Fig. 53 ), where the first three pairs appear slightly longer than the remaining chromosomes ( Fig. 54 ). We observed differences in the 2n and chromosome lengths between the two Tityopsis species analyzed, suggesting that cytogenetic data may be valuable for taxonomic purposes within this genus. Figures 2–5 : Tityopsis rolandoi sp . n . Figures 2–3 . Male holotype in dorsal (2) and ventral (3) views. Figures 4–5 . Female paratype in dorsal (4) and ventral (5) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. SUBORDINATE TAXA. Tityopsis canizaresorum Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022 , T. inaequalis ( Armas, 1974 ) , T. inexpectata (Moreno, 1940) , T. mulata Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022 , T. pumila Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022 , T. rolandoi sp . n . , and T. sheylae Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera, 2022 . DISTRIBUTION. This genus is endemic to western Cuba .