Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait Author Radashevsky, Vasily I. 7637875A-94A6-4448-84AA-D7088014B501 A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia radashevsky@gmail.com Author Al-Kandari, Manal 632F0DFC-4397-41C3-96B2-E4ECA9053E01 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 22107, Salmiya, Kuwait mkandari@kisr.edu.kw Author Malyar, Vasily V. 65B422D0-4894-49A9-8463-1817F922D6E4 A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia thebotkininc@gmail.com Author Pankova, Victoria V. 37E172EA-932A-4EF7-B5CB-4E85318CD26B A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia pankova.victoria@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-10-01 773 1 120 168 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1519 journal article 267063 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1519 2a85031f-9b9a-4dd9-b6f3-68a4b766e379 2118-9773 5544465 A018A660-F0D8-4411-AC25-77C089A75A57 Genus Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881: 362 . Carazzia Mesnil, 1896: 227 . Polydora ( Carazzia ) – Fauvel 1927: 48 ; 1953: 316 . Polydora ( Pseudopolydora ) – Hartmann-Schröder 1971: 317 ; 1996: 322 . Pseudopolydora – Fauchald 1977: 25 . — Blake & Kudenov 1978: 267 . — Blake 1996: 202 . — Blake et al . 2020: 79−80 . List of species of Pseudopolydora from the Arabian Gulf and their type localities Pseudopolydora achaeta Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 , South China Sea, Taiwan . Pseudopolydora antennata ( Claparède, 1868 ) . Tyrrhenian Sea, Gulf of Naples, Italy . Pseudopolydora arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 . Arabian Gulf, Al-Salmiya, Kuwait . Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov. Arabian Gulf, Auha Is., Kuwait . Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Arabian Gulf, Al-Judailiat, Kuwait . Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. Arabian Gulf, Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait . Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov. Arabian Gulf, Al-Salmiya, Kuwait . Identification key to Pseudopolydora from the Arabian Gulf 1. Chaetiger 5 distinctly larger than chaetiger 4. Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a curved diagonal double row. Occipital antenna absent. Yellow bands regularly arranged on palps (invisible after fixation). Caruncle to end of chaetiger 2. Tube-dwelling or shell-boring ............ P. kuwaiti sp. nov. – Chaetiger 5 same in size as chaetiger 4. Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a slightly curved, J- or U-shaped vertical double row. Occipital antenna present. Yellowish chromatophores present or absent on palps in live. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 2 or longer. Tube-dwelling ............................ 2 2. Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a straight or slightly curved vertical double row. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 2. Black pigment present on dorsal side of 10−15 anterior chaetigers ............................... ............................................................................................. P. achaeta Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 – Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a J- or U-shaped vertical double row. Caruncle extending beyond chaetiger 2. Black pigment absent on dorsal side of anterior chaetigers .......................................... 3 3. Prostomium anteriorly entire, rounded. Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a J-shaped double row. Yellowish chromatophores regularly arranged on palps (invisible after fixation). Caruncle to end of chaetiger 4. Pygidium disc-like to cup-shaped with only dorsal gap ................................................. ...................................................................................... P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 – Prostomium anteriorly incised to bifurcated. Chaetiger 5 spines arranged in a U-shaped double row. Yellowish chromatophores absent on palps. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 4 or longer. Pygidium bilobed with dorsal and ventral clefts ............................................................................................... 4 4. Fine black pigment scattered on distal end of palps. Prostomium anteriorly incised, with two rounded lobes ............................................................................................................. P. melanopalpa sp. nov. – No pigmentation on palps. Prostomium with two rounded lobes or long pointed antero-lateral processes ........................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Chaetiger 5 with up to 32 spines in the outer (anterior) row of notochaetae, and 27 spines in the inner (posterior) row of notochaetae; notopodial postchaetal lamellae same as on chaetiger 4 or 6. MG staining of formalin-fixed specimens drastically intense on ventral side from chaetiger 8 onwards. Notopodial anterior-row spines of chaetiger 5 with distal part of stem curved, gradually narrowing, with wide, distally pointed limbation .......................................................... P. multispinosa sp. nov. – Chaetiger 5 with fewer spines in notopodia; notopodial postchaetal lamellae reduced. MG staining on ventral side of formalin-fixed specimens comparatively weak, gradually changing along body. Notopodial anterior-row spines of chaetiger 5 with distal part of stem enlarged, with concavity on top and large triangular tooth on its side directed upwards; fine bristles arising from concavity forming long flag-like pointed geniculate transparent tip ................................................................ 6 6. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 4 ......................................................... P. antennata ( Claparède, 1868 ) – Caruncle to end of chaetiger 6 .................................................................................. P. auha sp. nov.