The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications Author Sacchetti, Claudia 0000-0002-3225-3139 claudiasacc@icloud.com Author Landau, Bernard 0000-0002-7768-8494 bernardmlandau@gmail.com Author Ávila, Sérgio P. 0000-0002-3225-3139 claudiasacc@icloud.com text Zootaxa 2023 2023-05-24 5295 1 1 150 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1 journal article 53396 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1 82286fdc-a858-447c-9980-da2e8985d19c 1175-5326 7965273 F3A52660-70B8-439F-A7A0-F45ADC975EA5 Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) Plate 2 K * Serpula intorta Lamarck 1818: 365 . Vermetus intortus Lam. — Wood 1848: 113 , pl. 12, fig. 8. Vermetus intortus Lam. —Ĥrnes 1856: 484, pl. 46, fig. 16. Vermetus intortus Lamarck — Mayer 1864: 56 . Vermetus intortus Lam. — Fontannes 1879: 201 , pl. 11, fig. 6. Vermetus intortus Lamarck — Nyst 1882: 84 , pl. 4, fig. 13. Petaloconchus intortus (Lk.) — Sacco 1896b: 7 , pl. 1, figs. 12-20. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus Lk. sp.— Cerulli-Irelli 1912: 155 , pl. 23, figs. 80-84. Vermetus intortus Lam. —Friedberg 1914: 323, text-fig. 68, pl. 19, figs. 11, 12. Vermetus ( Petaloconcha ) intortus (Lamarck) —Harmer 1918: 457, pl. 44, figs. 33-34. Vermetus ( Petaloconcha ) glomeratus (Linné) —Harmer 1918: 459, pl. 44, figs. 29-32. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus var. taurinensis Sacco —Cossmann & Peyrot 1922: 75, no. 452, pl. 3, figs. 26, 27. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus Lamarck —Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 73, pl. 3, figs. 16-17, 26-27. Vermetus intortus Lamarck — Stchepinsky 1938: 64 , pl. 7, fig. 1. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus woodi M̂rch, 1861— Glibert 1949: 125 , pl. 7, fig. 9. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus Lamarck, 1818 — Moisescu 1955: 132 , pl. 11, fig. 11. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus var. woodi Mo ̈rch—Erünal-Erentoz 1958: 18, pl. 2, fig. 18. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) glomeratus Linné — Zbyszewski 1959: 93 , pl. 11, figs. 68-72. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus ( Lamarck 1818 ) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 116 , pl. 32, fig. 14. Vermetus intortus Lam. — Florei 1961: 684 , pl. 7, fig. 53. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck 1818 ) — Anderson 1964: 207 , pl. 13, fig. 117. Petaloconchus intortus var. woodi Mo ̈rch, 1861— Brébion 1964: 209 . Vermetus intortus Lamarck, 1818 — Strausz 1966: 121 , pl. 77, fig. 21. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck 1818 ) — Palla 1967: 946 , pl. 71, fig. 6. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Tejkal et al . 1967: 197 , pl. 10B, fig. 11. Petaloconchus intortus woodi Morch — Stancu & Andreescu 1968: 462 , pl. 3, fig. 30. Vermetus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus (Lamarck) — Bałuk 1970: 117 , pl. 11, figs. 3, 4. Petaloconchus ( Petaloconchus ) intortus (Lk.) — Caprotti 1970: 143 , pl. 1, figs. 6, 7. Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Malatesta 1974: 202 , pl. 14, fig. 8. Vermetus ( Petaloconcha ) intortus (Lmk) — Fekih 1975: 89 , pl. 28, fig. 13. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Bałuk 1975: 120 , pl. 14, figs. 8-10. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Janssen 1984: 150 , pl. 7, fig. 2, pl. 48, fig. 10. Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) intortus (Lamarck) — Martinell & Domenéch 1984a: 6 , pl. 1, fig. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) —González Delgado 1986: 96, pl. 3, fig. 7. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Moths 1989: 110 , pl. 10, fig. 46. Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) glomeratus (L., 1758)— Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 64 , fig. 113. Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) glomeratus (Linné, 1758) — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 1997: 152 , figs. 637-639. Petaloconchus glomeratus (Linné, 1758) — Marquet 1997b: 73 , pl. 1, fig. 8. Petaloconchus glomeratus (Linné, 1758) — Solsona 1998: 130 , pl. 6, figs. 1-6. Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck) — Schultz 1998: 58 , pl. 22, fig. 6. Petaloconchus glomeratus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) — Silva 2001: 222 , pl. 9, figs. 1–2, 14. Vermetus cf. intortus Lamarck, 1818 — Lozouet et al . 2001: 30 , pl. 7, fig. 6. Petaloconchus ( Macrophragma ) glomeratus (L., 1758)— Baroncelli 2001 : pl. 1, figs. 1–3 [ non Petaloconchus glomeratus Linnaeus, 1758 )]. Petaloconchus glomeratus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) — Landau et al . 2004a: 27 , pl. 3, figs. 15, 16 [ non Petaloconchus glomeratus Linnaeus, 1758 )]. Petaloconchus glomeratus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) — Landau et al . 2011: 13 , pl. 4, fig. 1 [ non Petaloconchus glomeratus Linnaeus, 1758 )]. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Landau et al . 2013: 65 , pl. 5, fig. 15. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Van Dingenen et al . 2016: 155 , pl. 13, fig. 7. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Brunetti & Vecchi 2015: 86 , pl. 7, fig. a. Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) — Landau et al. 2018: 246 , pl. 74, fig. 1. Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck, 1819 [ sic ]) — Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 52 , fig. 145. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 13.0 mm, width 6.0 mm. DBUA-F 946-2 (1), Ponta dos Cedros; DBUA-F 471 (1), Ponta do Castelo, Santa Maria, Azores , Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Shell medium sized, solid, vermiform, coiling into loose tube. Protoconch not visible. Teleoconch coiled into open cylindrical tube. Azorean specimens’ solitary (can be cemented together into groups and often attached to a substrate, stones or more commonly other shells). Intermediate whorls subquadrangular in cross-section. Spiral sculpture of three primary rounded cords placed abapically, at periphery and base, whorl flattened between cords, giving them squarish profile. Axial sculpture of commarginal plicae, giving surface rugose appearance. Last whorl straight, hardly coiled, sculpture weakening towards aperture (last portion missing in Azorean specimens). Discussion. As discussed by Landau et al . (2013: 65) , Scuderi (2012) considered the fossil European Neogene species Petaloconchus intortus ( Lamarck, 1818 ) to be distinct from the present-day species P. glomeratus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) , the fossil species differing from the extant one in details of the protoconch. Whilst both have a protoconch consisting of about 2.5 whorls, that of the fossil species is smaller (0.65 × 0.4 mm, vs. 1.1 × 0.7 mm), and there is a basal cord on the protoconch in the fossil species that is absent in P. glomeratus . The protoconch in the Azorean specimens is not preserved and we follow Landau et al. (2013) in considering the fossil Pliocene specimens P. intortus . Distribution. Lower Miocene: Proto-Mediterranean (Burdigalian), Colli Torinesi, Italy ( Sacco 1896b ). Lower-middle Miocene: North Sea Basin (late Burdigalian-Langhian): Belgium ( Glibert 1952b ), Germany ( Anderson 1964 ; Moths 1989 ), Netherlands ( Janssen, 1984 ). Middle Miocene: Atlantic (Aquitanian-Serravallian): Aquitaine Basin, (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924; Lozouet et al . 2001 ), (Langhian): Loire Basin, France ( Glibert, 1949 ); Paratethys (Langhian-Serravallian): Poland (Friedberg 1914; Bałuk 1970 , 1975 ), Vienna Basin, Austria (Hörnes 1856; Tejkal et al . 1967 ; Schultz 1998 ), Bulgaria ( Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960 ), Hungary ( Strausz 1966 ), Romania ( Moisescu 1955 ; Stancu & Andreescu 1968 ); Proto-Mediterranean (Serravallian): Karaman Basin, Turkey (Erünal-Erentoz 1958). Upper Miocene: northeastern Atlantic (Tortonian and Messinian), NW France ( Brébion 1964 ; Landau et al. 2018 ); Proto-Mediterranean (Tortonian), Po Basin, Italy ( Sacco 1896b ), Tunisia ( Stchepinsky 1938 ). Lower Pliocene: North Sea Basin, England ( Wood 1848 ; Harmer 1918), Belgium ( Glibert 1958 ; Marquet 1997b ); Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores ( Mayer 1864 ), NW France ( Brébion 1964 ; Van Dingenen et al . 2016 ), Guadalquivir Basin, Spain ( González-Delgado 1986 ; Landau et al . 2011 ), Morocco ( Lecointre 1952 ); western Mediterranean, NE Spain , ( Martinell & Domenéch 1984 ; Solsona 1998 ), Roussillon Basin, France ( Fontannes 1879 ); central Mediterranean, Italy ( Sacco 1896b ; Palla 1967 ; Caprotti 1974 ; Anfossi et al . 1983 ; Baroncelli 2001 ; Brunetti & Cresti 2018 ); Tunisia ( Fekih 1975 ). Upper Pliocene: Atlantic, Mondego Basin, Portugal ( Zbyszewski 1959 ; Silva 2001 ); western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin ( Landau et al . 2004a ); central Mediterranean, Italy ( Malatesta 1974 ; Cavallo & Repetto 1992 ). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene: NW France ( Brébion 1964 ), central Mediterranean, Italy ( Brunetti & Vecchi 2015 ). Pleistocene: central Mediterranean, Italy ( Cerulli-Irelli 1912 ; Taviani et al . 1998 ).