SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus Author Molinero, A. González Author Peña Cantero, A. L. text Zootaxa 2015 4052 4 401 441 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.1 93f6d085-8e63-4d1e-89c1-f950128b2a61 1175-5326 245887 47EF6E9D-9064-4899-B3DD-276FF7C969EB Oswaldella shetlandica Stepanjants, 1979 Oswaldella billardi — Blanco & De Redolatti, 1977 : 1 –8, pls 1–4. Oswaldella billardi shetlandica p.p. Stepanjants, 1979 : 114 , pl. 21 fig. 3V , G, pl. 25 fig. 7. Oswaldella billardi p.p. Blanco, 1984 : 45 –46, pl. 41 fig. 95. Oswaldella sp. 2 Peña Cantero, 1991 : 182 –186, pl. 34 figs a–j, pl. 58 figs a–f, pl. 68 fig. c; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1994 : 126 , fig. 8i –l; 1995: 107–111, figs 48A–J, 49A–F, 64G. Oswaldella shetlandica Peña Cantero et al., 1995: 342 –347, fig. 1; 1997: 344; Peña Cantero & Vervoort, 1998 : 36 ; 2004: 845– 847, fig. 14; 2009: 86; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1999 : 212 et seq .; Peña Cantero & Marques, 1999 : 85 ; Peña Cantero, 2008 : 457 ; 2013: 130. Ecology. Eurybathic species, collected at depths from 24 ( Peña Cantero 2008 ) to 952 m ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ), on rocky ( Stepanjants 1979 ) and stony bottoms (Peña Cantero et al . 1995.). Epibiotic on other hydroids ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ). Basibiont for colonies of Halecium ovatum and Symplectoscyphus hero ( Peña Cantero 2008 ) . Gonothecae : January and February (Peña Cantero et al. 1995; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 , 2009 ; Peña Cantero 2008 ), February (Peña Cantero 2013), March, April and December ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ). Distribution. West Antarctic ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ), being known from the South Shetland Islands ( Stepanjants 1979 , Peña Cantero et al . 1995; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 , 2009 ; Peña Cantero 2008 ), off Deception Island ( Peña Cantero 2008 ), off Low Island ( Blanco & De Redolatti 1977 ; Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009 ; Peña Cantero 2013), from Palmer Archipelago and the South Orkney Islands ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ), and off Argentine Island ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2004 ) and Bransfield Island ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009 ), in the Antarctic Peninsula.