Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae) Author Astrin, Jonas J. Author Stüben, Peter E. text Zootaxa 2009 2300 51 67 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.191696 61f72232-2748-4e7b-ac80-403b193e2f76 1175-5326 191696 Calacalles ( Nanoacalles ) nataliae Astrin & Stüben sp.n. ( Figs. 4 , 5, 7 , 12 ) Type material . Holotype . 3: SPAIN , Canary Islands, La Gomera, SE Hermigua , near Casas del Palmar, thermophilous shrub forest, Sideritis / Gonospermum , N28°09'29" W17°09'37" , 627 m , 8.10.2008 , leg. Astrin & Stüben ("21"), coll. Curculio-Institute Mönchengladbach. Paratypes . 13: SPAIN , Canary Islands, La Gomera, 7 km NW San Sebastián, Las Casetas, rock face, thermophilous shrub forest, N28°07'44" W17°09'17" , 660 m , 31.12.2004 , leg. Stüben ("25"), coll. Stüben; 13: SPAIN , Canary Islands, La Gomera, 2.5 km E Hermigua , thermophilous shrub forest, Sonchus hierrensis , N28°09'30" W17°09'46" , 650 m , 31.12.2004 , leg. Stüben ("27"), coll. Stüben; 93, 10Ƥ: data as for holotype , coll. Stüben (83, 9Ƥ) and coll. ZFMK (13, 1Ƥ). Differential diagnosis. At the type locality on La Gomera, Calacalles nataliae lives syntopically with the new species Calacalles hermigua . Calacalles nataliae is distinguished from Calacalles hermigua by: 1. The more parallel sides of the slender elytra which are 1.40x–1.62x as long as wide; apex acute-ovally rounded ( Fig. 4 ). 2. The shorter (at most 2.5x– 3x as long as wide) elytral bristles which are paddle-like (broadening towards the apex) in shape on the bright cross fascia of the elytral declivity. 3. The aedeagus with V -like structure of the internal sac ( Fig. 5 ). Calacalles hermigua is distinguished from Calacalles nataliae by: 1*. The broader, laterally oblong-ovally rounded elytra which are 1.30x–1.47x as long as wide; apex more broadly rounded ( Fig. 4 ). 2*. The more slender (at least 4x–5x as long as wide) bristles of the elytra which are acuminate in shape on the bright cross fascia of the elytral declivity. 3*. The aedeagus with the structure of the internal sac like bulb peelings ( Fig. 6 ). Calacalles nataliae shows considerable outward similarity to the species Calacalles exiguus Bahr, 2000 from the Anaga Mountains on Tenerife. C . exiguus also features a bar-shaped structure of the internal sac of the aedeagus; usually however, the two bars are arranged in parallel fashion ( Fig. 11 ) instead of forming an angle like in C . nataliae ( Fig. 12 ). Furthermore, the elytra of C . exiguus are more parallel-sided than those of C . nataliae and are much more coarsely punctuate. In order to molecularly differentiate C . nataliae from other species of Calacalles , we here present DNA barcodes (GenBank accession numbers GQ332316 , GQ332317 , GQ332332 , GQ332333 , cf. Table 1 ). FIGURE 27. Habitus (dorsal/lateral view) of Calacalles ( Nanoacalles ) palmensis (Roudier, 1954) stat. nov. , resyn. Description ( Fig. 4 ) Length: 1.75–2.30 mm (without rostrum). Head: Rostrum broader towards the apex; male rostrum with a dense cover of scales that continues also anterior to the insertion of the antennae, 3x as long as wide, finely and spaciously punctuated; female rostrum slender, nearly 4x as long as wide, more brilliant, but points not as fine as in male; antenna with 7 antennomeres; eyes large. Pronotum: 1.04x–1.12x as long as wide, widest behind the middle, at the sides regularly rounded; with a weak lateral depression in front of the fore-margin; disc of the pronotum strongly arched in front of the base, and flattened in front of the fore-margin; circular and saucer-shaped scales completely adherent. If the scale cover is complete, the dense and fine punctures are not visible under the scales; disc of the pronotum with dark brown scales in front of the base, bright longitudinal fasciae or (very variable) beige-coloured/white spots at the sides and in front of the fore-margin. Fore-margin with corona of 14 to 16 dark, erect bristles; identical bristles isolated at the sides and also densely packed in the middle of the pronotum (forming a cross band of bristles). FIGURES 28–30. Comparison of the pronota (dorsal view) of the species of the subgenus Crateracalles . Elytra: 1.40x–1.62x as long as wide, in the middle with sides parting towards the base nearly ‘parallelsided’ or weakly curved, towards the apex more acute-ovally rounded; in lateral view contour-line of elytra flatter behind the base, elytral declivity more steeply sloped. With round, adherent, mostly brown scales which completely cover the broad intervals; only the small, fine, bare elytral striae are visible. Single row of flattened, erect bristles, paddle-like (broadening towards the apex) and at most 2.5x– 3x as long as wide on bright cross fascia of elytral declivity; spaced about 2– 3 x bristle-length in front of the base and 1.5x bristlelength on the elytral declivity. Base of elytra concave, beyond this with bright, vague (poor in contrast) spots of scales; in the middle with broad, dark brown and diffusely delimited transverse fascia, towards the apex again with beige-coloured/white fascia. Lateral light longitudinal fasciae of pronotum continued as small spots on fourth and fifth intervals beyond elytral base; scutellum with light scales. Legs: Front femora long and robust, reaching the fore margin of the pronotum, hind femora reaching the fourth segment of the abdomen; covered with light, widely-spaced and clubbed bristles. Tarsi and apex of tibiae light red. Venter: First abdominal sternite at most as long as the three following sternites together. Second abdominal sternite as long as the very small sternites 3 and 4 together. All abdominal sternites with light, large and rounded scales and with far-scattered, long, light bristles. Female genitalia: See Figure 7 . Aedeagus: Internal sac of the aedeagus with V -like structure ( Fig. 5 ). Ecology. The collecting locality can be found at an altitude of approx. 650 m , above Casas del Palmar ( Hermigua ) in the extreme north-east of La Gomera. The specimens were collected in high numbers from dead or near-defoliated twigs of Gonospermum gomerae Bolle (Spanish "coronilla de la reina", Asteraceae ), but also of an unidentified species of Sideritis (Lamiaceae) on a slope of thermophilous shrub forest at the laurisilva edge. The slope was atypically dry for the season and largely affected by a land slide. Distribution. This species is so far only known from the Canarian island of La Gomera. Etymology. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case. The first author dedicates this species to his wonderful wife Natalia Astrin, who accompanied and helped him on the last ten field trips.