Three new species of the Amazonian millipede genus Leptherpum (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae) Author Bouzan, Rodrigo S. Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão 101, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Author Means, Jackson C. Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History. 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. Author Ivanov, Kaloyan Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History. 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia, USA. Author Almeida, Thaís Melo de Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Author Iniesta, Luiz Felipe M. Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. text Zoologia 2022 e 22020 2022-11-28 39 1 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e22020 journal article 10.1590/S1984-4689.v39.e22020 1984-4689 13173864 D85610D9-F396-43F6-8F8C-E57 Leptherpum tialaura Bouzan, Means, Ivanov & Brescovit , sp. nov. Figs 1–2 , 10, 12, 14 , 17–18 , 19–22 , 29–34 , 53 https://zoobank.org/ 9C783E63-8FDD-4521-AC19-A7B3894E5E31 Diagnosis. Adult males differ from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: secondary process of the gonopod slender, only slightly spatulate at apex, arising medially from the prefemoral process of the gonopod ( Figs 32–34 ); presence of small tooth on the posterior border of the midbody paranota. Description. Male ( Holotype , IBSP 7972). Coloration (preserved in 70% ethanol): head and antennae reddish brown, 7 th antennomere and labrum yellowish; body and paranota tips reddish brown ( Figs 1–2 , 29–31 ); legs reddish brown ( Figs 2 , 29–31 ); telson dark reddish ( Fig. 31 ). Head: labrum and clypeus covered with sparse setae; two (1+1) small setae between the antennal sockets and two (1+1) above the antennae; vertex of the head with two (1+1) setae; incisura lateralis suboval. Antennae: almost reaching the 4 th body ring; 5 th , 6 th and 7 th antennomeres with a grouping of basiconic sensilla in small clusters on the distal and external margin. Body rings: absence of a sulcus on the metaterga; cuticle with several small tubercles scattered across the metazonites ( Fig. 14 ); metazonites with scattered large tubercles in addition to a well-defined and easily recognized horizontal row of large tubercles along the posterior margin region ( Figs 10, 12 , 29, 30 ). Sternite of fourth segment with a pair of acute projections; sternite of fifth segment with a triangular swelling; sternite of sixth segment with two pairs of small, acute projections, becoming more conspicuous along the post-gonopodal sternites. Paranota: anterior border rounded, posterior border sub-rectangular ( Figs 10, 12 ); metazonites 5−7 with a small “tooth” on the posterior border.Ozopore arrangement: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19 (following the typical polydesmidan pore formula); ozopores surrounded by peritremata and facing up at an angle of 45°; peritremata oval and positioned posteriorly on the paranota ( Fig. 12 ). Legs without modifications, except for a conspicuous dorsal lobe on the prefemur. Telson: triangular ( Fig. 31 ); epiproct with (3+3) macrosetae on the dorsal side supported by small projections; two pairs (2+2) of spinnerets, superior pair more closely positioned to each other as compared to the inferior one; paraprocts each with two macrosetae; hypoproct subtriangular with one pair (1+1) of macrosetae. Subtriangular gonopore on coxae of second leg-pair ( Fig. 6 , arrows). Gonopod aperture transversely oval, as typical for the genus, small, with a lateral pair of sclerotized triangular slit to accommodate the gonopods ( Fig. 8 ). Figures 1−2. Habitus of living Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. Photo: G. Puorto. Figures 3−8. General somatic features of L . carinovatum ( Attems, 1898 ) . (3) male (IBSP 8300), head, oral view; (4) male (IBSP 8300), gnathochilarium , ventral view; (5) male (IBSP 8300), antenna, lateral view; (6) male (IBSP 8300), coxae of 2 nd pair of legs, showing the gonopores, ventral view; (7) male syntype (ZMH), detail of body rings 6–7, ventral view; (8) male (IBSP 8300), body ring 7, detail of gonopod aperture, ventral view. The arrows point to the gonopores. Scale bars: 3−5, 8 = 1 mm; 6 = 500 µm; 7 = 2.5 mm. Figures 9−14. General somatic features of Leptherpum Attems, 1931 . (9), (11), (13) L . carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, metazonites, dorsal view. (9) body ring 8; (11) body ring 9; (13) detail of tubercles of body ring 9; (10), (12), (14) Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (male holotype, IBSP 7972), metazonites, dorsal view; (10) body ring 8; (12) body ring 9; (14) detail of tubercles of body ring 9. Scale bars: 9−11 = 1 mm; 12 = 2 mm; 13 = 100 µm; 14 = 200 µm. Figures 15−18. Gonopodal features of Leptherpum Attems, 1931 . (15) L . carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, right gonopod, mesal view; (16) L . carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, left gonopod, ectal view; (17) L . tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, left gonopod, mesal view; (18) L . tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, right gonopod, ectal view. The arrow refers to the spiniform process. Scale bars: 15−18 = 500 µm. Total length: 74.00. Total width: 8.56. Antennomere lengths (1−7): 0.83; 1.92; 1.83; 1.65; 1.51; 1.75; 0.32. Podomere lengths (1−7): 0.68; 0.95; 2.57; 0.91; 1.00; 1.96; tarsal claw 0.43. Gonopod aperture: length 0.87, width 1.87. Telson length 1.80. Gonopod: length 1.61, width 1.62. Gonocoxae: length 0.72, width 1.52. Telopodite: length 1.61, width 0.72. Gonopods ( Figs 17−18 , 32−34 ): gonocoxae subequal to the length of the telopodite, globose, greatly expanded on the ectal side ( Fig. 34 ), with a small spiniform process; two macrosetae on dorsal side; prefemoral region ventrally positioned and setose, same length as the solenomere ( Fig. 17 ); prefemoral and acropodite regions separated by a cingulum basally (C; Figs 17−18 ); prefemoral process (PfP; Fig. 17 ) typical for the genus (e.g., large and concave; spoon-shaped), longer than the solenomere, containing a medially positioned elongate and slender secondary process ( Figs 17−18 ); solenomere falciform, carrying the seminal groove to apical point (S; Fig. 17 ). Female ( Paratype , IBSP 3751). Coloration as in male ( Figs 1−2 , 29−31 ). Sternites wider than in males; sternal projections less conspicuous, present only on the posterior portion of the last segments. Metazonites without a “tooth” on the posterior border. Ozopores of segments 5, 7, and 8 positioned medially on paranota. Posterior margin of vulvae opening with a small rounded epigyne (Ep; Fig. 19 ). Vulvae oval in ventral view ( Fig. 20 ); subtriangular in lateral view ( Figs 21, 22 ). Total length: 66.70. Total width: 8.11. Width of posterior margin of vulvar aperture 1.74. Vulvae: length 0.76, width 0.50. External valve: length 0.56, width 0.25. Internal valve: length 0.55, width 0.24. Operculum: length 0.22, width 0.41. Both valves with scattered setae ( Figs 21, 22 ). Operculum broad and densely setose (OP; Figs 20, 21 ). Type material. Holotype : male from Km 83, FLONA do Tapajós ( 3°31’01”S ; 55°04’23”W ), Belterra , Pará , Brazil , 28.x.2010 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 7972 ) . Paratypes : 1 male , same data as for holotype ( IBSP 13365 ) ; 1 female from Mata do Butantan ( 2°38’9”S ; 54°56’13”W ), Belterra , v.2010 , A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 3751 ) ; 1 male from FLONA do Tapajós , Belterra , x.2011 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 4544 ) ; 1 male from FLONA do Tapajós , Belterra , 16−20.x.2013 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 8302 ) . Additional material examined. BRAZIL : Pará : Belterra , FLONA do Tapajós ( 3°31’01”S ; 55°04’23”W ), 1 female , 10−13. xii.2012 , C.S. Costa et al. leg. ( IBSP 4130 ) ; 1 female , x.2011 , A.D. Brescovit et al. ( IBSP 4543 ) ; 1 male , 2018, H. Chalkidis leg. ( IBSP 7912 ) ; Belterra , APA Aramanaí ( 2°37’57.96”S ; 54°57’44.16”W ), 1 female , v.2010 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 3945 ) ; 1 male , 01.viii.2018 , A.D. Brescovit and G. Puorto leg. ( IBSP 8118 ) ; 2 females , 11.iv.2019 , A.D. Brescovit and G. Puorto leg. ( IBSP 8552 ) ; Belterra , Mata do Butantan ( 2°38’9”S ; 54°56’13”W ), 3 males , 01−05.v.2011 , Equipe IBSP leg. ( IBSP 7952 ) ; 2 males , v.2010 , A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 13366 ) ; Belterra , Comunidade São Pedro , Km 50, BR 163 ( 2°45’11.3”S ; 54°54’01.6”W ), 1 male , 18.viii.2019 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 7963 ) ; 2 juveniles , 07.iv.2019 , A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 8558 ) ; Santarém , Comunidade do Cedro , Km 933, BR 163 ( 2°27’30.9”S ; 54°42’39.5”W ), 1 male , A.D. Brescovit and G. Puorto leg. ( IBSP 8303 ) ; Km 933, 1 female , 17.viii.2019 , A.D. Brescovit and G. Puorto leg.( IBSP 8017 ) ; Medicilândia , Cave Limoeiro ( 52°47’25.49”W ; 03°30’43.8”S ), 1 juvenile , 24−26.vii.2012 , R . Pinto da Rocha leg. ( IBSP 4198 ) . Figures 19−22. Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 4130), female. (19) epigyne, ventral view; (20) left vulva, ventral view; (21), (22) right vulva, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 19 = 500 µm; 20 = 300 µm; 21−22 = 400 µm. Figures 23−28. Leptherpum carinovatum ( Attems, 1898 ) , male syntype (ZMH). (23) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (24) midbody rings, dorsal view; (25) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (26), (27) left gonopod, mesal view, different gonopod tilt degrees; (28) left gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 23−24 = 5 mm; 25 = 2.5 mm; 26−28 = 100 µm. Figures 29−34. Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. , male holotype (IBSP 7972). (29) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (30) midbody rings, dorsal view; (31) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (32) right gonopod, mesal view; (33) right gonopod, ventral view; (34) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 29−34 = 1 mm. Distribution. Known only from the Brazilian state of Pará ( Fig. 53 ). Etymology. The species epithet is a reference to the nickname of Laura Cristina de Souza , a distinguished Biology professor in the city of Belterra, Pará , and a great friend.