Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran Author Badali, Farzaneh Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, P. O. Box 165, Urmia (Iran) Author Abrinbana, Masoud Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, P. O. Box 165, Urmia (Iran) m. abrinbana @ urmia. ac. ir (corresponding author) m.abrinbana@urmia.ac.ir Author Abdollahzadeh, Jafar Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj (Iran) text Cryptogamie, Mycologie 2020 2020-10-08 20 11 179 191 http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a11 journal article 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a11 1776-100X 12214853 Pythium iranense Badali, Abrinbana & Abdollahz. , sp. nov. ( Fig. 6 ) MYCOBANK . — MB 823190. TYPUS . — Iran . West Azarbaijan Province , Maku, from soil under Prunus armeniaca , 10.V.2013 , coll. M. Abrinbana, IRAN 16697 F as dried culture in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, ex-type culture (IRAN 2386 C). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED . — Iran . West Azarbaijan Province , Maku,from soil under Prunus armeniaca , 10.V.2013 , coll.M. Abrinbana, living culture in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection ( IRAN 2387 C) and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (CBS 143585). ETYMOLOGY . — Name refers to Iran where it was first found. DESCRIPTION Colonies On PCA partially submerged with a narrow chrysanthemum pattern and on CMA submerged with a narrow chrysanthemum pattern. Main hyphae up to 5 µm diam. Sporangia and zoospores Not observed. Hyphal swellings Very rarely produced, globose, terminal or intercalary,10-25 µm diam. (av. 15.08 µm). FIG . 5. — Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali , sp. nov. (IRAN 16695 F, holotype): A , terminal hyphal swelling; B , intercalary hyphal swelling; C , D , monoclinous antheridia with inflated or non-inflated antheridial stalks and antheridial cells attached to oogonia; E , monoclinous antheridium originated from swollen part of oogonial stalk; F , monoclinous antheridium and intercalary oogonium with two oospores; G , intercalary oogonium provided with two onoclinous antheridia; H , diclinous antheridium and intercalary oogonium; I , sessile diclinous antheridium with constriction attached to oogonium; J , chain of ogonia and hyphal swelling; K , plerotic oospores; L , aplerotic oospore; M , peanut-shaped oospore; N , double oospore. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B-E, 5 µm F-N, 10 µm. Oogonia Smooth-walled, occasionally with 1-3 papillae, globose, rarely elongated, terminal, subterminal, intercalary, sometimes lateral, globose oogonia 12-24 µm diam. (av. 19.65 µm), elongated oogonia up to 38 µm long. Antheridia 1-2(-5) per oogonium, rarely several antheridia crowding around oogonia, monoclinous or diclinous, occasionally sessile. Antheridial stalks straight,sometimes crooked or wavy.Antheridial cells clavate, swollen, elongated, crook-necked, bell-shaped, occasionally with constriction, 9-21 × 4-11µm (av.13.69 × 6.92 µm). Oospores Globose, occasionally subglobose, rarely peanut-shaped, immature oospores sometimes provided with 1-6 projections, aplerotic, occasionally plerotic, usually one, at times two, rarely 3-4 per oogonium, globose oospores 13-22 µm diam. (av. 18.04 µm), elongated oospores up 30 µm long, the oospore wall up to 2 µm thick. Daily growth On PCA 0 mm at 5°C, 4 mm at 10°C, 6 mm at 15°C, 9 mm at 20°C, 13 mm at 25°C, 15 mm at 30°C, 14 mm at 35°C and 0 mm at 40°C. The isolates were viable at 5°C but not at 40°C. FIG . 6.— Pythium iranense Badali,Abrinbana & Abdollahz. , sp.nov. (IRAN 16697 F,holotype): A , terminal hyphal swelling; B , monoclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium; C , two diclinous antheridia attached to oogonium; D , antheridium with wavy stalk and oogonium; E , sessile diclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium; F , antheridial cell with constriction; G , bell-shaped sessile monoclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium on short side branch; H , antheridia attached to oogonium; I , J , crowd of antheridia around oogonia; K , lateral oogonium; L , plerotic and aplerotic oospores; M , peanut-shaped oospore; N , double oospore; O , quadruple oospore; P , oogonium with three papilla; Q , R , immature oospores with projections. Scale bars: A-M, 10 µm; N-R, 5 µm. TABLE 2.— Morphological differences between Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz.& Badali , sp. nov. , and morphologically similar species P. emineosum Bala, de Cock & Lévesque.

Morphological character	P. monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali , sp. nov.	P. emineosum Bala, de Cock & Lévesque

, Oogonia Smooth-walled, globose, subglobose, rarely elongated, mostly Smooth-walled, globose, cylindrical terminal, occasionally subterminal or intercalary, rarely in chain, or peanut-shaped, intercalary sometimes oogonial stalks consisting of a swollen element below or occasionally terminal, 13.6-28.3 µm the terminal oogonia, 16-26 µm diam. (av. 20.94 µm), elongated (av. 19.9 µm) diam. up to 35 µm Oospores Globose, subglobose, rarely peanut-shaped, plerotic, rarely Globose, elongated, peanut-shaped, aplerotic, single, rarely double, globose (10-24 µm diam. plerotic or aplerotic, single or double, (av. 18.71 µm), elongated up 32 µm long, wall up to 2 µm thick 11.9-24.4 µm (av. 18 µm) in diam, wall 0.4-1.2 µm thick Growth rate on PCA at 25°C References 14 mm 15 mm This study Bala et al. 2010a

Colony pattern on PCA	Submerged, radiate	Broad chrysanthemum
Hyphae	Up to 5 µm	Up to 7 µm
Sporangia	Not observed	Globose, terminal or intercalary, 11-25 µm
in diam.
Hyphal swellings	Globose, occasionally subglobose, terminal or intercalary,	Not observed
15-26 µm diam. (av. 21.65 µm)
Antheridia	1-2 per oogonium, mostly monoclinous, occasionally arising	1-3 per oogonium, monoclinous, diclinous
from inflated part of oogonial stalk, rarely diclinous, occasionally hypogynous, occasionally sessile,
sessile, antheridial cells clavate, swollen, elongated, occasionally lateral, intercalary
with constriction, 10-22 × 5-11 µm (av. 14.92 × 6.62 µm)

NOTES Differs from other known Pythium species by presence of antheridial complex around the oogonia, various shapes of antheridial cells, smooth-walled oogonia with papillae, ornamented oospores, (sub)globose or peanut-shaped oospores and 1-4 oospores per oogonium.