Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated Author Ota, Renata Rúbia Author Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho Author Graça, Weferson Júnio da Author Pavanelli, Carla Simone text Neotropical Ichthyology 2018 2018-06-11 16 2 1 111 journal article 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094 f68fe85c-2a4c-4625-b684-74f61398d6c2 1982-0224 3678395 Chaetobranchopsis australis Eigenmann, Ward, 1907 Fig. 33 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 1.8, head depth 2.3 and caudal peduncle depth 5.5 times in SL; head length 2.5 and caudal peduncle length 8.3 in SL; snout length 2.7, horizontal orbital diameter 3.5 and least interorbital width 2.1 to in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with many teeth rows. Upper lateral line with 20, lower lateral line with 10 pored scales and longitudinal series with 24- 26 scales. Transversal series above upper lateral line with 4 scale rows, and below lower lateral line with 7½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with XV,14, pectoral fin with 14, pelvic fin with I,5 and anal fin with V,16 rays. Ground color pale brown; two dark-brown longitudinal bands on flank, one superior, from orbit to caudal fin, and another inferior, from opercle to lower caudal-fin lobe; seven brown inconspicuous bars. Dorsal fin with dark-brown spots; caudal fin with darkbrown longitudinal stripes alternating with white stripes. Maximum standard length. 110.0 mm. Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Only one specimen of C. australis was captured in a tributary of the rio Ivinheima, right bank of the upper rio Paraná, in 2007 by Y. R. Súarez and collaborators. This is the first record of C. australis in the upper rio Paraná basin, and no records of this species in the lower rio Paraná are known. Therefore, it is considered a non-native species in the region, and its recent occurrence can be associated with the proximities of the headwaters of the rio Ivinheima (rio Paraná basin) with some tributaries of the río Paraguay , or with the aquarium trade. Commonly, C. australis present the two longitudinal bands much less conspicuous, and a prominent, clearly visible, black blotch coinciding with the superior band, longitudinally, and, with the encounter of the second and third bars, transversely. Nevertheless, the specimen recorded herein has an unusual color pattern, presenting the longitudinal bands very conspicuous, and no distinct black blotch.