Phylogeny and morphology of Fissidentaceae Schimp. in the South Atlantic Islands and description of a new species Author De, Tamara Poliana Author Teixeira, Oliveira Author A, Allan Laid Author Faria, lkimim Author Bordin, Juçara Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Unidade Litoral Norte-Osório Rua Machado de Assis, 95520 - 000, Osório, RS (Brazil) Author Carvalho-Silva, Micheline Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Botânica Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910 - 900, Brasília, DF (Brazil) text Cryptogamie, Bryologie 2022 2022-02-23 20 1 1 8 http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a1 journal article 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2022v43a1 1776-0992 12215165 Fissidens noronhensis Teixeira, Bordin & M. Carv. -Silva, sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) DIAGNOSIS . — The new species differs from Fissidens crispus by its small plants (± 2 mm versus 4-35 mm alt.), thin-walled and inconspicuously papillose (papillae present on some cells but hardly visible with an optical microscope and visible in a few cells only when observed with SEM). The new species resembles F. lindbergii , but can easily be distinguished by its much smaller cells (7.5 × 5 µm versus 27-67 µm in F. lindbergii ) and its almost smooth cells. When observed with an optical microscope and even when observed with SEM the papillae are visible in a few cells only, whereas in F. lindbergii papillae are easily visible in the center of the cells. HOLOTYPE . — Brazil . Pernambuco , Fernando de Noronha , Trilha para Baia dos Golfinhos , 3°51’25”S , 32°26’37”W , 09.V.2014 , Pereira & Santos 480 ( holo- , UB1029235 ; iso- , SP ). TYPE LOCALITY . — Trilha para Baia dos Golfinhos, Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco ( Brazil ). ETYMOLOGY . — From latin noronhensis , referring to the name of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL . — Brazil . Pernambuco , Fernando de Noronha,3°86’55.56”S, 32°42’44.44”W , 09.V.2014 , Pereira & Santos 460 (UB); 3°85’80.56”S, 32°44’27.78”W , 04.V.2014 , Pereira & Santos 235 (UB); 3°85’75”S, 32°44’41.67”W , 10.II.2014 , Pereira & Santos 95 (UB); 3°51’56”S , 32°25’28”W , 09.V.2014 , Pereira & Santos 452 (UB). DESCRIPTION Plants light to dark green. Stems monomorphic, unbranched or branched, quite variable in length, 2-3 mm long × 1.35- 1.5 mm wide often dark brown red or castaneous proximally; weak axillary hyaline nodules present; epidermis and outer tiers of cortical cell small, incrassate, pigmented, inner cortical cells larger, thin-walled, hyaline, central strand present or absent; rhizoids basal, branched, smooth, brownish to castaneous; leaves crispate when dry, as many as 6 pairs, distant to imbricate, oblong to lanceolate, 0.7- 0.10 mm long × 0.2- 0.3 mm wide, acute apex, margin entire, typically limbate on all laminae, limbidium usually ending slightly below leaf apex and typically reaching the leaf insertion (shorter in Fig. 2F ), limbidial cells uni-to tristratose, intramarginal by 1-3 rows of quadrate to oblong chlorophyllose cells on the proximal parts of vaginant laminae, costa percurrent, bryoides type , dorsal lamina variable, even on the same plant, ceasing at to ending slightly above the insertion to long decurrent, vaginant laminae of cauline leaves ½ leaf length, acute, equal or nearly so; lamina cells eguttulate, unistratose, firm walled inconspicuously unipapillose, papillae not to hardly visible with an optical microscope, cells 7.5 × 5 µm hexagonal, often arranged in distinct rows in dorsal and ventral laminae. Sporophyte not observed. REMARKS Fissidens noronhensis sp. nov. shows morphological resemblance to F. crispus and F. lindbergii , but is genetically distant from both. With high support (100/93/1), comprising 36 mutations using the markers rps4 e trnG, being 26 transitions and 10 transversions when compared to F. lindbergii and 34 mutations, 23 transitions and 11 transversions compared to F. crispus .